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The first communication an entrepreneur often has with a potential investor is submitting a one-page executive summary for consideration. Subsequently, the potential investor or investment group chooses which venture ideas to further consider by inviting a pitch deck or an actual business pitch. This investment funnel is competitive and, accordingly, anything we as scholars can share with entrepreneurs seeking advice about how to optimize that initial executive summary to increase chances of getting to the pitch would be immensely valuable. Unfortunately, scant research has focused on this opportunity-introduction stage, and there is precious little we can prescribe for entrepreneurs seeking investment. To address this, we developed four executive summaries that varied only in the type of capital mentioned. We found that executive summaries that mentioned human capital more prominently were viewed as more cognitively legitimate and as deserving of a higher opportunity-recognition valuation. Put succinctly, consistent both with our theorized findings from our Open Science Framework preregistered experiment (N Z 367) and with our qualitative follow-up study, we found that human capital signals have a greater positive influence on potential investors' decisions relative to social capital, intellectual capital, and financial capital. We discuss the practical and theoretical implications of this novel insight and include prescriptive recommendations for entrepreneurs.

Strategic Bootstrapping is a six-chapter book published by the Business Expert Press in 2015 and written by Matthew W. Rutherford, associate professor and Johnny Pope chair in entrepreneurship at Oklahoma State University. The book presents a decision-making strategy for successful entrepreneurial ventures funded through bootstrapping. The author emphasizes the need to understand funding issues with a specific orientation towards new ventures. He explains that there are two main components of bootstrapping: a decision to avoid external finance and the methods used to operate the new venture, and then shares insight both. Using real-world examples and current research, he outlines a model for survival and successful growth for new firms. In Chapter 1, Bootstrapping Described, the author explains the fundamentals and evolution of internally-funded ventures. He emphasizes the different challenges that face a venture based on bootstrapping versus other funding and differentiates the types of bootstrapping as well as the inherent risks. He reviews the two main component of bootstrapping: the reasons behind a decision bootstrap and the resource strategy used to operate in that situation. He also addresses common myths about bootstrapping and previews the topics that will be covered in the rest of the book.

Strategic Bootstrapping is a six-chapter book published by the Business Expert Press in 2015 and written by Matthew W. Rutherford, associate professor and Johnny Pope chair in entrepreneurship at Oklahoma State University. The book presents a decision-making strategy for successful entrepreneurial ventures funded through bootstrapping. The author emphasizes the need to understand funding issues with a specific orientation towards new ventures. He explains that there are two main components of bootstrapping: a decision to avoid external finance and the methods used to operate the new venture, and then shares insight both. Using real-world examples and current research, he outlines a model for survival and successful growth for new firms. In Chapter 2, Bootstrapping and the Problem of Being New, the author explains why initial financing decisions are critical for new firms. He recommends that all entrepreneurs begin with a process of self-reflection to determine their goals, mainly whether they desire to retain control or make money from the new venture. He also offers a review of basic factors in start-ups to inform later strategy decisions. He describes the three main reasons why new ventures fail: newness, legitimacy, and signaling, and offers ideas for overcoming these challenges.

Strategic Bootstrapping is a six-chapter book published by the Business Expert Press in 2015 and written by Matthew W. Rutherford, associate professor and Johnny Pope chair in entrepreneurship at Oklahoma State University. The book presents a decision-making strategy for successful entrepreneurial ventures funded through bootstrapping. The author emphasizes the need to understand funding issues with a specific orientation towards new ventures. He explains that there are two main components of bootstrapping: a decision to avoid external finance and the methods used to operate the new venture, and then shares insight both. Using real-world examples and current research, he outlines a model for survival and successful growth for new firms. Chapter 3, New Venture Finance Considerations for the Bootstrapper, addresses capital structure in new firms. The author explains key concepts in the two types of external financing: debt and equity. He presents three concepts that influence funding decisions (information asymmetry, moral hazard, and adverse selection) and explains the importance of each to an entrepreneur. He offers a Financial Growth Cycle as a model that relates growth with increased funding options and, ultimately, success.

Strategic Bootstrapping is a six-chapter book published by the Business Expert Press in 2015 and written by Matthew W. Rutherford, associate professor and Johnny Pope chair in entrepreneurship at Oklahoma State University. The book presents a decision-making strategy for successful entrepreneurial ventures funded through bootstrapping. The author emphasizes the need to understand funding issues with a specific orientation towards new ventures. He explains that there are two main components of bootstrapping: a decision to avoid external finance and the methods used to operate the new venture, and then shares insight both. Using real-world examples and current research, he outlines a model for survival and successful growth for new firms. In Chapter 4, Financial Bootstrapping, the author analyzes the entrepreneur's decision-making process to provide deeper insight into success factors for a new venture. Summarizing current research on bootstrapping, he considers the motivation behind why an entrepreneur decides to utilize bootstrap funding, either personal preference or necessity. He describes characteristics of three different types of bootstrappers, cost-reducing, capital-constrained, and risk-reducing, with examples from Goldstar and Pandora. Second, he reviews three approaches to bootstrapping: cash cycle exploitation, minimizing investment, and joint utilization.

Strategic Bootstrapping is a six-chapter book published by the Business Expert Press in 2015 and written by Matthew W. Rutherford, associate professor and Johnny Pope chair in entrepreneurship at Oklahoma State University. The book presents a decision-making strategy for successful entrepreneurial ventures funded through bootstrapping. The author emphasizes the need to understand funding issues with a specific orientation towards new ventures. He explains that there are two main components of bootstrapping: a decision to avoid external finance and the methods used to operate the new venture, and then shares insight both. Using real-world examples and current research, he outlines a model for survival and successful growth for new firms. In Chapter 5, the author shares practical guidance for an entrepreneur to achieve both happiness and wealth in a new venture. He outlines a model for survival and growth, based on sending "legitimized signals" to attract customers. First, he recommends organizing activities such as assembling a prototype, obtaining permits or licenses, and preparing marketing materials. Second, he recommends the strategic activity of creating a business plan and details the components of an effective plan. Third, he recommends capital-gathering activities involving financial, human, and social factors to build resources that add legitimacy to the venture.

Strategic Bootstrapping is a six-chapter book published by the Business Expert Press in 2015 and written by Matthew W. Rutherford, associate professor and Johnny Pope chair in entrepreneurship at Oklahoma State University. The book presents a decision-making strategy for successful entrepreneurial ventures funded through bootstrapping. The author emphasizes the need to understand funding issues with a specific orientation towards new ventures. He explains that there are two main components of bootstrapping: a decision to avoid external finance and the methods used to operate the new venture, and then shares insight both. Using real-world examples and current research, he outlines a model for survival and successful growth for new firms. In Chapter 6, Typologies for Strategic Bootstrapping Success, the author shares insight into how entrepreneurs can become legitimate and profitable, and thus able to move beyond bootstrapping as a source of funding. He describes four types of entrepreneurial ventures that he believes are most successful. Two types are based on behaviors: the hyper-networked entrepreneur and the sharing entrepreneur. The other two types are based on business model types: digital and fragmented. He ends with practical points of consideration for a strategic bootstrapping approach.