個案總覽

This case focuses on regulatory institutions in a fast-changing evolving policy domain of the telecom sector in developing countries, which are typically characterised by a weak institutional environment, making operationalisation of new instruments that may require regulation across sectors difficult. The case highlights the criticality of appropriate regulatory design for spectrum management since predominant access to voice and Internet in developing countries happens only on mobile phones. The case shows how the Competition Commission of India created a regulatory space for itself when a new instrument, Spectrum Trading, was announced by the Department of Telecom (DoT)/Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI).

This case highlights the design, process changes and implementation challenges in an e-governance project designed for property registration in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh (MP). It identifies the critical success factors and the linkages between a good design and acceptance (adoption) both by users of the systems (officials) and citizens. The outdated legal and largely manual processes of the government, the intricacies of public procurement, lack of in-house capabilities and the requirement to interface with citizens make e-governance projects some of the most challenging projects to implement. Computerisation of such systems also leads to a review of underlying processes, changes of roles of employees and organisational restructuring. Adding to this difficulty is the environment of public procurement characterised by poor quality specifications and complex¬¬ regulations. Lack of in-house capabilities often means reliance on vendors and consultants without having the ability to effectively oversee the outputs that often leads to tremendous costs on training and deployment. Designing systems with an interface to citizens involves ensuring proper blueprint and flow of processes that facilitate their usage and contextual user experience, especially as government services may cater to wide variations in citizen profiles. The case highlights the implementation process adopted in developing and executing a web-based solution for property registration in 2015, namely, the Stamps and Management of Property and Documents Application (SAMPADA), under the initiative and leadership of the then Inspector General, Registration and Superintendent of Stamps (IGRS). It highlights the role of the top management, in this case the IGRS, formation of a multifunctional core team, extensive training, focus on an end-to-end solution, web enablement, bringing about the required legal changes, thorough review of existing processes, organisational restructuring and partnership

The Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS) of the Gujarat government was a complex system that spanned multiple departments and stakeholders. It had been operational since 2009. However, over time, the underlying technology had become obsolete and the government wanted to upgrade to IFMS Phase-II on a new platform and provide additional functionality and integration with other systems that had not been a part of IFMS earlier. The government had floated a Request for Proposal (RFP) for the same. This case may be used to evaluate and identify factors for a clear, well-defined RFP. It also explores the challenges in coming out with such an RFP.