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This note presents an overview of ways in which statistical arguments are used in court cases. Topics covered include linear regression, significance, independence, bias, conditional probability, Baye's Theorem and inversion of conditional probabilities. In addition to these topics, the note contains a number of true examples where statistical reasoning has been used or misused as part of a legal argument.

The head of the key account team at Ai Li Industrial Company Ltd. (Ai Li) was discussing the possibility of bidding for a new account with a major North American department store. The account would involve the manufacture of compact cosmetics kits for the upcoming holiday season. Although the potential benefits from the considerably large order would be significant, it would require one third of Ai Li's nearly full manufacturing capacity.