WildChina (A) tells the story of Mei Zhang, a Chinese-born HBS alumna, and her pursuit of a dream: to share her passion for travel, her appreciation of China's beauty and culture, and her desire to start her own business. Describes the startup of WildChina, a tour company targeting a high-end clientele with unusual and high-quality products, and its survival of two business crises. The focus is on Zhang's decision to bring in a COO, transition him to CEO, and assume the position of Chairperson. Also describes communication and control challenges faced when Zhang moves to Los Angeles with her family, and tries to remain involved in her Beijing-based business. The decision Zhang faces is how to proceed when, in the midst of sales and operational problems and financial pressures, her CEO announces that he will be leaving the company in a matter of months.
Following a successful model in Europe, JP Morgan has introduced a set of five U.S. retail mutual funds with an investment philosophy and marketing strategy grounded in behavioral finance. The asset management group believes that understanding investor biases like overconfidence, anchoring, and loss aversion is key to generating returns on the investment side and educating clients on the advisory side.
Income tax cuts for individuals and businesses, ambitious government spending plans, financial assistance for citizens affected by the December 2004 tsunami, rising costs of the national healthcare system, and public pressure to curb alcohol consumption all contributed to the Government of Thailand's decision to consider raising its excise taxes on alcoholic beverages. By September 2005 the Thai cabinet had to make a decision on reform of the system of liquor taxation. The current scheme was a mixed system that charged excise taxes based on both liquor values and the quantity of alcohol content, whichever yielded higher revenues. The cabinet caught between the competing interests of its own revenue needs, the profit objective of local producers, and consumer preferences and welfare was considering three options for reform proposed by the ministry of Finance's Excise Tax Department. The case reviews key factors that affected the conditions and desires of each stakeholder, as well as provides an international comparative perspective on the taxation of alcoholic beverages. The case can be used in both public policy and business courses, as it demonstrates the dynamic interaction between government policies, corporate strategies, and consumer interests. HKS Case Number 1857.0
In March 2005, the vice-president and chief operating officer of the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (CATSA), was thinking about how to best harness the business intelligence (BI) system that CATSA had implemented. From its creation in 2002, CATSA had developed an organizational structure with more than 200 managers overseeing 4,000 screening officers. In June 2003, a BI solution was developed and, in 2004, the solution was launched. The vice-president wanted to know whether his team could anticipate and manage the changes that the new BI system would trigger.
A research team has discovered a treatment to reduce the severity of spinal cord injuries and improve the injured victim's long-term quality of life. The director of the team fears that the biopharmaceutical company that owns the patent for the antibody used in the treatment will not pursue the development of this application, and she must develop a strategy to garner the firm's support. If the patent holder chooses not to move forward with the treatment, the director has the option to continue development herself, but she is not convinced she has the business skills to do so. Students consider the ethical dilemma of balancing the necessity of a business to generate profits for its investors with the needs of society.
The global recorded music industry was undergoing a major transition in 2006. Sales had been declining for a decade, and consumers were buying music in new formats and through different distribution channels. CD sales still accounted for the majority of revenues, but sales of music in digital formats (downloads, videos, ringtones) were growing significantly and accounting for approximately 10% of the industry's revenues in 2006. Many considered digital the future of the music business but the format posed both opportunities and challenges. While it had revitalized the singles market, for instance, digital had also facilitated rampant piracy. The music industry was retaliating, launching lawsuits against illegitimate peer-to-peer operators such as groups caught downloading illegally. Whether this would be enough to stop the trend was a matter of much debate. Meanwhile, the industry continued to consolidate. In 2004, Sony Music and BMG, the third- and fifth-largest record firms at the time, merged to form Sony BMG. Surprisingly, in 2006 the European Union's Court of First Instance annulled the merger--which the European Commission had approved two years earlier--after a group of independent music labels complained about the merger's effect on competition. While Sony and BMG were defending the merger in court, EMI Group plc wondered if its desired takeover of Warner Music Group--which it had been pursuing since 2000--would ever happen. If it did, how much business would the new entity have in the rapidly changing environment? All wondered how the industry would evolve.
Amid efforts to engineer a turnaround at South African Airways (SAA), the CEO confronts an impending strike at the struggling company. How should the company address questions of distributive and procedural justice in post-Apartheid South Africa, and how should the CEO recover from a crucial misstep at the start of the strike? Chronicles the challenges and missteps of previous CEOs and the turnaround plan put in place by Ngqula to help curtail waste and abuse and capitalize on the growing international market.
A leading sporting goods company in China competes aggressively against global brands Nike and Adidas, with marketing strategies adapted to geographic segments. In the main cities, where competition takes place at a very conceptual level, Li Ning has chosen to adopt a very controversial "oriental theme" for its brand, while becoming at the same time a major sponsor of international athletes of the highest caliber.
Enables the study of early business formation and venture capital funding within an international setting. Relates to the company's first round of funding in December 15, 1999. Sanjeev Aggarwal co-founded Daksh as one of the first independent, India-based BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) companies that targeted U.S.-based customers from the outset. Introduces the industry, Daksh's founders, the company's initial formation, and its first business plan--as presented to a small number of angel investors in India. Students are asked to evaluate Daksh's investment opportunity from the perspective of India- and U.S.-based investors, while focusing on its financial projections, term sheet, and expected returns.
Enables the study of business formation and venture capital funding within an international setting. Relates to the company's third round of funding in September, 2002, and introduces India's rapidly evolving Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry, Daksh's growth, its acquisition of marquee customer Amazon.com, and Daksh's third business plan--as presented to potential investor General Atlantic. Students are asked to evaluate Daksh's investment opportunity from the perspective of a U.S.-based investor, while considering its financial projections, strategic investors (Amazon.com), human resource policies, term sheet, and expected returns.
This case allows for a discussion on loyalty programs. How should irewards, a consumer loyalty program, take advantage of the new capabilities promised by Indigo's new customer relationship management (CRM) system. Would adjustments to the pricing structure or the membership discounts be appropriate? Ultimately, how could Indigo ensure that its irewards program was both meaningful to customers and contributed to sales growth? The basis of the irewards program was an annual membership that afforded the member discounts on books. Members were assigned a membership card with a specific number that referred to their account; an annual membership fee was the cost of the program to the customer.
Investigates managing large supply chain outsourcing relationships over time, while focusing on the challenges service providers and their customers face as they seek to continually find new sources of value as the relationships change. Emphasis is placed on issues related to coordinated capabilities across functional boundaries, information sharing, and developing information technology readiness.
The vice president of sales and marketing was contemplating how to grow the Rayovac Battery Division of Spectrum Brands Canada Inc. (Spectrum). Spectrum, a global consumer products company, owned a variety of brand name products. The vice president of sales and marketing knew that, with effective marketing, the rechargeable battery market was one that would likely grow within North America as it had in Europe. Major competitors were not focusing on this product category, fearful that it would cannibalize sales of their non-rechargeable products. Rayovac could use this opportunity to increase its presence and brand name recognition by entering the "back door" instead of competing head-to-head against the well-established market leaders--Duracell and Energizer. The vice president wondered whether this was a business worth pursuing and, if so, how he would market the Rayovac line within Canada.
This case details cement, ready-mix, and concrete giant CEMEX's consideration of a set of strategies designed to grow the Mexican market from the bottom of the economic pyramid: the low-income do-it-yourself homebuilders that characterized an untapped market there. Alfredo de Armas, VP of business development at CEMEX, must consider the needs and limitations of customers with no access to credit and a budget that might allow a purchase of just one bag of cement per week. What would it take to reach that market? Would doing so be profitable?
Students must analyse the marketing, operating and financial aspects of a personal fitness training centre to be located in London, Ontario, to determine an appropriate pricing and promotion strategy and the resulting projected financial success of the venture. Students need to develop cash budgets based on their assessment of the information provided. The analysis points to the financial uncertainty for a start-up company without hands-on experience from past years of operation. The case is suitable for class or as a report on business plan evaluation.
In 2005, the vice-president of sales and marketing for the Canadian division of Spectrum Brands Inc. must determine his next steps regarding the structure of his sales force. Spectrum Brands (Spectrum), a global consumer products company formerly known as Rayovac Corporation, had made a number of acquisitions to diversify and expand its product and brand portfolio. With these changes, Spectrum had become a leading supplier of consumer batteries, lawn and garden care products, specialty pet supplies, and shaving and grooming products. The vice-president of sales and marketing was charged with the task of creating a national sales force from the teams of the newly merged companies. Knowing the importance of the sales function to each of these companies, he wanted to ensure; despite the differences among the diverse groups, that he still maintained a team which would effectively and efficiently continue to increase the sales of each business unit.
The vice-president of sales and marketing was contemplating how to grow the Rayovac Battery Division of Spectrum Brands Canada Inc. (Spectrum). Spectrum, a global consumer products company, owned a variety of brand name products. The vice-president of sales and marketing knew that, with effective marketing, the rechargeable battery market was one that would likely grow within North America as it had in Europe. Major competitors were not focusing on this product category, fearful that it would cannibalize sales of their non-rechargeable products. Rayovac could use this opportunity to increase its presence and brand name recognition by entering the back door instead of competing head-to-head against the well-established market leaders - Duracell and Energizer. The vice-president wondered whether this was a business worth pursuing and, if so, how he would market the Rayovac line within Canada. Students will assess opportunities and develop marketing strategies to pursue these opportunities. The case also shows students how building one segment of the market might lead to building other related segments.
A small family-oriented recreation park owned by the Corporation of the City of London, Ontario, has received $6 million for improvements. Of this amount, $1 million has yet to be spent. Students are asked to (1) analyse the industry and competitive conditions for a family-oriented theme park; (2) organize and analyse survey results; (3) perform a straightforward sub-unit evaluation; (4) perform a vertical analysis; (5) complete two differential analyses (with varying difficulty); (6) project a statement of earnings; (7) recommend a financing alternative and (8) devise a promotional plan within the constraints of a budget.