A team of investors at Omidyar Network explore two different investment possibilities in the budding financial inclusion space, using their investment framework to consider capital alternatives available for both investments, each of which carries highly divergent financial and impact potential.
MGM Resorts International was built as a gambling business. Over the past few decades, through its development of restaurants, live shows and musical performances, it has transformed into a fully-fledged entertainment company. Now, in 2017, it looks to pivot again - to find the future of "destination entertainment" for its Millennial consumers.
By 2016, the Big Apple Circus has weathered many storms in its 38 seasons as one of the most well-known New York City nonprofits. Will Weiss, the executive director, has witnessed his share of chaos during four years at Big Apple. After a slight resurgence following the precipitous drop in ticket sales during the financial crisis, the operating health and finances of the Circus are growing more tenuous each year. Big Apple Circus is on the brink and Will Weiss must determine if there is a way forward.
In late 2016, Paris Wallace, the CEO of Ovia Health, and the rest of the company's co-founders faced a difficult decision about the best way to grow Ovia Health's revenue. Founded in 2012, Ovia Health specialized in mobile and web applications in the women's health space. After building a strong user base with its original app, Ovia Fertility (which helped women conceive by tracking ovulation and other factors), the young company launched a second app, Ovia Pregnancy (which helped women have a healthy pregnancy by tracking various health metrics). Ovia Health's apps were free to use, and most of the company's revenue came from charging advertisers to host ads on its native advertising platform. Wallace believed that the family benefits market was a promising growth area, but he was not sure of the best way to enter the market. Recently, a top health benefits provider had offered Ovia Health a multi-million-dollar contract, but Wallace wondered whether Ovia Health could create a better family benefits solution by turning down the contract and selling directly to employers' HR departments. Participants will need to examine how Ovia Health evolved its strategy over time and decide which growth opportunity was the better choice.
Privateer Holdings was a Seattle-based private equity firm that was "shaping the future of the legal cannabis industry." In late 2017, Privateer held an expanding portfolio of global brands intended to "lead, legitimize, and define the future of cannabis" and was preparing to announce the closure of a Series C round that had raised more than $100 million. It was an opportune moment for its founding triumvirate to contemplate the future direction of the path-breaking firm they had established back in 2010 and the global companies they had built, through a combination of acquisitions, investments, and incubation, and in which they held 100 percent ownership. Privateer's founders had committed to hold true three core beliefs which formed their fundamental investment thesis: -"cannabis is a mainstream product consumed by mainstream people; -the end of cannabis prohibition is inevitable; -brands will determine the future of the cannabis industry." But, as market velocity and opportunities expanded with ever-increasing speed, it seemed the right time to consider how best to steer, and structure, Privateer Holdings going forward. While the potential growth options were many, there was much uncertainty as to many factors that could impact the cannabis industry.
This case discusses the question of the inheritance of power and entrepreneurial spirit in the family run Xinjiang Yier High Technique Agriculture Company and its wine brand and subsidiary Xinjiang Xiangdu Winery Co. Ltd. (Xiangdu). In 1998, the company’s founder took her family to break new ground for growing grapes in the vast expanse of the Gobi Desert. In 2002, she founded Xiangdu, and the company’s focus gradually shifted from grape growing to wine making and upgrading the grape processing infrastructure. In June 2016, having reached age 65, the founder called a senior management meeting to discuss a number of challenges that Xiangdu was facing. After her departure, could Xiangdu continue to achieve great success? Should the founder fulfill her husband’s last wish to make Xiangdu a public company? How should Xiangdu move forward?
The London, Ontario, social enterprise For the Love of Laundry was founded in 2014 with the intention of selling homemade, eco-friendly soaps and using the profits to fund free laundry events in the community. In 2017, the founder's goal was to increase the scale of the business and its social impact. She needed to decide how to structure the organization to increase its scale while maintaining control of its strategic direction.<br><br>The founder compared the pros and cons of the four organizational structures available for social enterprises in Canada—for-profit organization, non-profit organization, registered charity, and co-operative—to decide which option would best suit the organization. She wanted to ensure that the organization’s social aspect remained central while she sought funds to increase its scale. She needed to balance the triple bottom line, but with a primary focus on the social component. She also needed to consider the importance of corporate identity for social enterprises in the scaling process.
The London, Ontario, social enterprise For the Love of Laundry was founded in 2014 with the intention of selling homemade, eco-friendly soaps and using the profits to fund free laundry events in the community. In 2017, the founder's goal was to increase the scale of the business and its social impact. She needed to decide how to structure the organization to increase its scale while maintaining control of its strategic direction. The founder compared the pros and cons of the four organizational structures available for social enterprises in Canada-for-profit organization, non-profit organization, registered charity, and co-operative-to decide which option would best suit the organization. She wanted to ensure that the organization's social aspect remained central while she sought funds to increase its scale. She needed to balance the triple bottom line, but with a primary focus on the social component. She also needed to consider the importance of corporate identity for social enterprises in the scaling process.
In the summer of 2017, with over half of the United States and a growing number of other countries allowing the use of either medical or recreational marijuana, Mountjoy Sparkling was entering a huge market. Its product, sparkling water infused with marijuana, was targeting consumers who did not like to smoke and wished to avoid the generally high level of sugar in most marijuana edibles. The company faced all of the operational challenges of a start-up, while navigating the legal, financial, and logistical obstacles unique to the marijuana industry. The founder was seeing demand increase. He was seeking venture capital to fund the growth necessary to get big enough fast enough to survive in a market with many competitors and constantly changing regulatory frameworks. He needed to make at least five strategic decisions in terms of product mix, market selection, and distribution.
The Fundamental Rights, guaranteed by the Constitution of India, are very substantive rights. The rights, however, are available only against the State as defined in Article 12 of the Constitution. The definition of State includes the Union and States' legislatures and executive. The meaning of these terms is clear and definite. The last entry in the definition is Other Authorities. This term has been subject to judicial interpretations. The Airport Authority of India Case was a landmark judgement expanding the scope of Other Authorities. It formulated that a public corporation, which was an instrumentality or agency of the government, should be considered as Other Authority.
Rafi, a retiring oncologist, wanted to invest in safe, high dividend paying stocks. Upon his stockbroker's recommendation, he bought three tranches of S$500,000 worth of Sabana REIT ("Sabana") even as price fell during the period in between. His stockbroker had advised him to adopt dollar cost averaging, as even if price fell, Rafi could lower his breakeven price and gain in the longer term as stock prices tend to mean-revert. Further, Sabana's high dividend yield would help offset the price fall. Six months later, Sabana's price fell further. Rafi sought the advice of Michael, an investment-savvy friend, who advised him to look at capital gain yield besides dividend yield, and to check out Sabana's website and various investment forums for important company's actions and other crucial information. Rafi found that disgruntled investors, unhappy with Sabana's falling dividend and price, had formed two groups, one of whom had proposed various drastic actions at an Extraordinary General Meeting which may involve booting the REIT manager, and/or delisting the REIT and liquidating its portfolio. The manager formed a Strategic Review Committee and requested for more time. Rafi had to decide: vote for or against the manager or just cut loss immediately.
In December 2017, Marc Freed-Finnegan and Jonathan Wall, the co-founders of retail technology company Index, had to discuss the company's direction as they entered 2018. Five years earlier, Freed-Finnegan and Wall had founded Index after observing the technological advantages that Amazon and other online retailers had over brick-and-mortar retailers. Index's first product was a customer database tool that allowed brick-and-mortar retailers to collect customer contact information (e.g., email addresses) at the time of checkout. Index soon added automated marketing tools and payment/security tools (e.g., encryption) to its product portfolio. However, selling to large retail chains had proved challenging-many stakeholders were involved in the buying decision, creating a long sales process, and some retailers did not understand why they should trust a small, young company with their payment security. By late 2017, Index had made some changes to reduce the average sales cycle, but there was still room for improvement. Now, Index was preparing to launch a new product, Index Connect, that would essentially allow retailers to pool customer contact data and be more competitive with Amazon. Participants must evaluate whether Index was taking the right approach to sales and marketing and consider how the company could position Index Connect to be a success.
By 2017, digital, social, and mobile technologies were rapidly changing the way many of SAP's traditional customers did business over the last decade. In response to this trend, SAP had acquired companies with capabilities in e-commerce, human capital, workforce management, travel and expense management, and other areas. No longer able to rely on a single contact point through customers' IT departments, SAP's salesforce now had to target a variety of buyers including line-of-business managers and end users, who had a growing role in software purchase decisions. The case focuses on the changing role of SAP's marketing function including its ability to (a) revamp SAP's brand for the digital age to materially help sales reps when they approached buyers in the short and long term, (b) help SAP earn mindshare of prospects and customers by articulating unique points of view that informed and educated buyers who were increasingly moving online for research, insights, and thought leadership at a time when brand messages were increasingly being defined by advocacy groups and influencer communities, and (c) realistically demonstrate that recasting SAP's branding as a leading-edge technology company would pay off.
In the summer of 2017, with over half of the United States and a growing number of other countries allowing the use of either medical or recreational marijuana, Mountjoy Sparkling was entering a huge market. Its product, sparkling water infused with marijuana, was targeting consumers who did not like to smoke and wished to avoid the generally high level of sugar in most marijuana edibles. The company faced all of the operational challenges of a start-up, while navigating the legal, financial, and logistical obstacles unique to the marijuana industry. The founder was seeing demand increase. He was seeking venture capital to fund the growth necessary to get big enough fast enough to survive in a market with many competitors and constantly changing regulatory frameworks. He needed to make at least five strategic decisions in terms of product mix, market selection, and distribution.
As a well-established Chinese garment brand, Yangtzekiang Garment Limited (YGM) and its related retail business, YGM Trading Limited, faced the challenges of a labour shortage, stagnant productivity, and the transformation of the traditional garment industry. As China was rapidly developing, Chinese companies were facing new challenges and needed to consider strategies to ensure more sustainable development. In March 2015, the executive chairman of YGM needed to transform the company and develop a sustainable strategy of innovation and transformation that would lead it forward in these new circumstances.
In mid-June 2011, the Chinese president of the China–Benin joint venture Benin Textile Company (Compagnie Béninoise des Textiles, or CBT) was deeply worried about the supply of cotton in Benin. Since 2009, CBT had faced significant challenges in obtaining a reliable cotton supply. In 2010, the company had already placed its cotton orders, but local Beninese cotton producers were unwilling to deliver cotton at the earlier agreed-on price due to the rising market price. CBT was forced to stop production for five months and could not deliver on numerous contracts. The president of CBT was unsure whether to stay in West Africa and if so, how to improve the cotton supply situation. He had four options: maintain the status quo and hope for improvements, withdraw from West Africa, buy cotton contracts from other countries, or invest in cotton production. Which would be the best option for his company?
By July of 2016, the craft brewery Steel String had established a successful pub in downtown Carrboro, North Carolina, near the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill campus. With an active craft-brewing scene, North Carolina had lots of people looking for good, local beer in bars, restaurants, and bottle shops. Therefore, it was not surprising that Steel String had faced fierce competition from other craft breweries in their first few years of operation. However, the three owners’ determination led to continued growth, which allowed them to hire three other regular employees and several bartenders who worked one or two shifts per week. However, at the start of 2017, the co-owners had been grappling with several questions: Should they invest in the machinery and labour to start bottling their beer? Should they consider different pricing strategies? And finally, what ways could they give back to their community through their social responsibility efforts?
Greg Milani, Senior Managing Director of the Stanford Management Company, considers how much of Stanford's $27 billion endowment to allocate to early stage capital, taking into account the various pro's and con's of that allocation.
In the fall of 2014, Chad Kartchner, senior manager of marketing and product management at Honeywell Aerospace (HA), pondered how technology could transform the way aircraft were maintained. He had heard a lot of buzz about cognitive analytics, an artificial intelligence term referring to the use of computer models and algorithms to simulate human thought through self-learning systems, data mining, pattern recognition, and natural language processing. The sheer volume of parts and the time-sensitive nature of repairs in the aviation industry made it complicated to identify problems and address them quickly. Kartchner contemplated the options for updating HA's ground-based maintenance system. Should he emulate HA's state-of-the-art on-board system for an entire aircraft or try something new? Emulating the on-board system, which HA developed internally, would be an easy sell to leadership given internal buy-in and satisfaction with the on-board system, but he contemplated new approaches because he did not want to overlook rapidly emerging technologies. The latter could include crowdsourced features that leveraged the abundance of knowledge among HA's customers' technicians or a cognitive analytics approach. Even if he could persuade leadership to try a new cognitive analytics approach, should HA partner with an established entity or work with a relatively unproven startup who promised lower cost, better features, and quicker turnaround to develop a new system? Students will step into the shoes of Kartchner as he leads the internal discussion on whether and how to tap into the benefits of cognitive analytic solutions for Honeywell Aerospace and its customers.