This article explores a variety of ways employees are being engaged as social innovators in their companies or as co-creators in partnerships with other businesses, NGOs, and/or government agencies. They are engaged as intrapreneurs in company innovations contests, in partnerships with external social entrepreneurs, and in pro bono global service programs, and as members of innovation teams in organization-wide innovations. The study compares and contrasts four employee engagement platforms and assesses their impact on participating employees, companies, and communities from these efforts.
Identifies stages in the development of corporate citizenship in large organizations. Drawing on a combination of U.S. and global executive surveys, a longitudinal study of 10 companies advancing their citizenship agendas, and several case studies, this article posits that a series of challenges that firms encounter determines the pace of development of citizenship. Describes these evolutionary stages and circumstances that trigger movement and illustrates characteristic company attitudes and practices at each stage. Concludes by examining the institutional, environmental, and organizational factors that shape and constrain the development of corporate citizenship within firms.