In 2017, the president and co-owner of MacKinnon Industries was considering the opportunity to diversify his business and bring a former family business back into the MacKinnon family. With an extensive background in acquiring and managing manufacturing businesses, he now had an opportunity to purchase Corkford Brewery Inc. (Corkford Brewery). The deal included the land, building, and equipment, as well as four successful brands from Tanzer Brewing Company, which owned Corkford Brewery. MacKinnon wanted to evaluate the financial viability of the business venture under three different potential operating scenarios, assess the potential of adding ciders to the product mix, and consider the price that he would be willing to pay to acquire the business.
The founder of a cloud computing business needs to determine the costs of providing the company's services to its clients. Students must perform an activity-based costing exercise to determine the cost of the company's two core product offerings and recommend which product should become the company's focus. Students must also consider the treatment of upfront capital costs when determining profitability. To make a decision, students must understand the company, the industry in which it operates and the costing issues involved.
In mid-2013, the executive chairman of Loblaw Companies Ltd. was considering whether it was in his company’s best interest to acquire Shoppers Drug Mart. In December 2012, Loblaw had announced a proposal to create a real estate investment trust to which it would initially transfer approximately 75 per cent of its substantial real estate holdings, thus unlocking value for its shareholders. At the same time, Shoppers’ shares were trading at an historically attractive valuation. On the other hand, competition was heating up with the move of big box stores, such as Wal-Mart and Target, into Canada and the growth of online purchasing. Moreover, new government regulations aimed at decreasing the high cost of drugs had an immediate impact on pharmaceutical companies. With Loblaw’s shares trading near a six-year high, there was now the attractive opportunity to use them as currency to make an acquisition whose potential synergies were estimated to be in excess of $300 million per year. Was this a good time to act on what had been perceived for a number of years as an attractive merger option? Did it make strategic sense? If so, what price should Loblaw pay for Shoppers?
An analyst is assessing Demand Media’s accounting policies in the face of media scrutiny around its capitalization of media costs as well as some of its non-GAAP disclosures. She has to decide whether it is appropriate to capitalize these costs. In order to do so, she must evaluate whether the costs meet the definition of an asset. After analyzing the company, its business model and its strategy, she can compare its content costs to various other companies that create content (intellectual property); competing accounting policies are also examined. The analyst can then determine the appropriate accounting treatment and whether any adjustments are warranted. With respect to non-GAAP earnings, she can decide whether the metrics proposed by the company are appropriate in order to measure performance.
An investor wishes to make an investment in a software/information technology company. The investor is intrigued by the growth prospects of firms in the cloud computing industry and is deciding on whether to make an investment in the common shares of Salesforce.com. While the industry appears to be very attractive, concerns have been raised in the financial media over the company's accounting policy decisions, particularly the decision to capitalize software development costs (internally developed intangible assets) and sales commissions. Concerns have also been raised over the company's focus on metrics outside generally accepted accounting principles. Students are asked to evaluate the company's accounting policy choices and are provided with relevant information regarding the company's business model, existing and proposed accounting standards (both under U.S. GAAP and IFRS), and the accounting policies of competitors. After evaluating the accounting policies, students may then conclude whether any adjustments should be made to the financial statements and determine how this impacts valuation.
In January 2009, an investor was assessing his investment in Nortel Networks Corporation. Nortel had recently filed for bankruptcy protection in the United States and Canada, meaning his entire original investment was almost certainly lost. Nortel had filed a total of four accounting restatements from 2003 to 2007, leading to class-action lawsuits from investors and investigations by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC). Considering his losses, the investor wondered whether there were any signs indicating that Nortel's accounting practices were problematic. He also wanted to understand the accounting issues raised in the SEC and OSC investigations, such as improper recognition of revenue and improper recording of provisions. Overall, the investor wanted to learn from his loss with Nortel to make stronger future investing choices.
In 2012, Encana is reassessing its choice for functional currency and presentation currency. Historically, Encana has used Canadian dollars for its functional currency and US dollars for its presentation currency, but changes in Encana’s operations over the past several years have caused the company to revisit its choices. For functional currency, Encana must determine whether Canada continues to represent its primary economic environment. Further, Encana must consider whether its reasons for using U.S. dollars as presentation currency remain valid. To make its decisions, Encana must apply the guidance in IAS 21, “The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates.” Finally, Encana must determine the impact of its choices on the financial statements.
The CFO of Artis REIT, a publicly traded real estate investment trust in Canada, must decide how to account for investment properties as the trust adopts international financial reporting standards (IFRS). While the CFO must choose between historical cost and fair value accounting, additional issues arise regarding how the standard should be implemented and the level of disclosure that the trust should issue. The CFO must consider all of the relevant stakeholders of the trust in order to decide the appropriate course of action.
A publicly traded mining company has an opportunity to develop a mine containing gold, cobalt, and bismuth in Canada’s Northwest Territories and must determine the financial viability of doing so. In order to gauge the attractiveness of the project, the company needs to evaluate the net present value of the opportunity, given volatile and uncertain variables, such as commodity prices and foreign exchange rates. The company must also consider a number of qualitative considerations that may affect the project, such as relations with First Nations communities.
The controller of a publicly traded mining company must make a series of recommendations to the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of the company as it prepares to adopt international financial reporting standards (IFRS). Major decisions revolve around accounting for the company’s fixed assets and mining properties — specifically, whether to capitalize or expense certain items, whether to record certain assets at their values of historical costs, the company’s depreciation policy, and other issues around impairments of capital assets. The controller also considers the recent International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) discussion paper on accounting for extractive resources and its possible implications to the company in the future.
This case is based on a Canadian real estate trust's need to obtain financing for a large capital expenditure at a time when credit markets have effectively frozen. Students are asked to evaluate the trust's financial statements to determine the amount of financing required, and then to evaluate alternatives in order to meet the financing gap. Students are also asked to value the project by using basic present-value techniques.
This note provides background on the development of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) in Canada. It provides a brief history of the International Accounting Standards Board and Canada's decision to implement IFRS. It then discusses the conceptual framework and talks about the difference between IFRS and other global standards (Canada and the United States).
This note provides an overview on accounting for property, plant and equipment under both Canadian GAAP and IFRS. It addresses recognition on property, plant and equipment, as well as impairment. Investment property is also addressed.
Chip Tec Industries Inc. repairs chips and scuffs on vehicles. A current employee has an opportunity to purchase the business. He must analyse the financial statements to determine the financial status of the company and evaluate the asking price for the business.
The Percy Group is a diversified real estate development company. The president must decide whether to invest $7.9 million to convert one of the company's apartment buildings into a retirement home. The company had not previously converted or operated a retirement home. He must evaluate industry trends and the expected cash flows necessary to determine whether the investment is expected to earn the company's cost of capital. He must also undertake sensitivity analysis and a qualitative evaluation.