The SEKEM initiative, headquartered in Cairo, Egypt, was an unusual social enterprise by any standard. It produced organic products; provided health, education and arts programs to the local community; and-more broadly, sought to create a sustainable community that explicitly cultivated the human potential of its members. It reflected the vision of its charismatic founding director, Ibrahim Abouleish, who had run SEKEM with his son, Helmy Abouleish for more than 30 years. In 2017, SEKEM marked its 40th anniversary-a time for celebration, and also of transition for the initiative. Some of its challenges were typical of any organization at midlife. But for SEKEM, these were coupled with the loss of SEKEM's passionate leader, Ibrahim Abouleish, who died in the summer of 2017. In addition, SEKEM faced the challenges of operating in a country that had, in rapid succession, experienced a revolution, military coup, and economic collapse. The case details the history and evolution of this unusual social enterprise and tells of the dilemmas facing Helmy Abouleish and his leadership team at this critical juncture. Case number 2126.0

The term "social entrepreneurship" refers to the rapidly growing number of organizations that have created models for efficiently catering to basic human needs that existing markets and institutions have failed to satisfy. Social entrepreneurship combines the resourcefulness of traditional entrepreneurship with a mission to change society. One social entrepreneur, Ibrahim Abouleish, recently received the Alternative Nobel Prize for his Sekem initiative; in 2004, e-Bay founder Jeff Skoll donated 4.4 million pounds to set up a social entrepreneurship research center; and many social entrepreneurs have mingled with their business counterparts at the World Economic Forum in Davos. Social entrepreneurship offers insights that may stimulate ideas for more socially acceptable and sustainable business strategies and organizational forms. Because it contributes directly to internationally recognized sustainable development goals, social entrepreneurship may also encourage established corporations to take on greater social responsibility.