Ballard Power Systems Inc. (Ballard) was a pioneer and world leader in hydrogen fuel cell power system development and commercialization, employing over 1,100 employees worldwide, with operations in China, Europe, and North America. However, despite its strong revenue growth, Ballard had failed to report positive operating income since 1993. At the end of 2022, a new round of government support for green technologies had the potential to change things for Ballard. The company now faced the question of whether to expand its operations in China, previously its major market, or shift its focus more toward North America and Europe. Factors to consider included geopolitical tensions and government funding. What steps should Ballard take next?

Ballard Power Systems Inc. (Ballard) was a pioneer and world leader in hydrogen fuel cell power system development and commercialization, employing over 1,100 employees worldwide, with operations in China, Europe, and North America. However, despite its strong revenue growth, Ballard had failed to report positive operating income since 1993. At the end of 2022, a new round of government support for green technologies had the potential to change things for Ballard. The company now faced the question of whether to expand its operations in China, previously its major market, or shift its focus more toward North America and Europe. Factors to consider included geopolitical tensions and government funding. What steps should Ballard take next?

Vestas Wind Systems A/S (Vestas), a Danish company, had deep roots in the wind technology sector and had positioned itself as a solutions provider. While it was a global leader, it lacked significant market share in China, even though it had been carrying out manufacturing there for decades. China presented unique challenges, as it was dominated by local players and had its own rules for doing business. However, China also presented significant opportunities for a company like Vestas given its enormous market and the potential for cost savings in Vestas’s supply chain. Given these conditions, Vestas’s senior management had to decide how to develop the company’s international strategy for the next ten years, particularly with respect to China.

Vestas Wind Systems A/S (Vestas), a Danish company, had deep roots in the wind technology sector and had positioned itself as a solutions provider. While it was a global leader, it lacked significant market share in China, even though it had been carrying out manufacturing there for decades. China presented unique challenges, as it was dominated by local players and had its own rules for doing business. However, China also presented significant opportunities for a company like Vestas given its enormous market and the potential for cost savings in Vestas's supply chain. Given these conditions, Vestas's senior management had to decide how to develop the company's international strategy for the next ten years, particularly with respect to China.

This case is set in 2018 in China and follows Daimler’s efforts to compete in the Chinese automotive market amidst fast paced changes which are underpinned by state driven efforts at fostering innovation. Testing its leverage as the world’s largest and most profitable auto market, China is aggressively pushing foreign and domestic auto manufacturers towards new and ambitious targets for electrification. At the same time, Daimler has to be responsive to the particular tastes of auto consumers in China, especially their preferences for on-line connectivity which are creating space for players like Tencent, Alibaba, and Baidu to become real competition, threatening traditional car companies’ ability to control the car interface.

This case is set in 2018 in China and follows Daimler's efforts to compete in the Chinese automotive market amidst fast paced changes which are underpinned by state driven efforts at fostering innovation. Testing its leverage as the world's largest and most profitable auto market, China is aggressively pushing foreign and domestic auto manufacturers towards new and ambitious targets for electrification. At the same time, Daimler has to be responsive to the particular tastes of auto consumers in China, especially their preferences for on-line connectivity which are creating space for players like Tencent, Alibaba, and Baidu to become real competition, threatening traditional car companies' ability to control the car interface.

The story of Infosys' growth and transformation from a $250 start-up to its current market valuation of approximately $26 billion provides one of the most pertinent lessons in leveraging India's strengths and managing the challenges faced by an emerging market global enterprise based in India. In this article, we present a wide-ranging interview with Infosys' current CEO, Mr. S.D. Shibulal, as he explains what he considers to be the core strengths of the company that made it successful in the past, lays out his vision for the company's future, and discusses in detail how he sees the company's transformation taking place over the coming years. The conversation uncovers several interesting themes and lessons for multinational enterprises in emerging as well as developed economies, including the relevance of being born global, values-based governance, the necessity of creating hybrid business models that infuse the 'India way' with local cultures and practices in global markets, leveraging strategic partnerships via co-creation and co-evolution, and the delicate balance between 'preservation-creation-destruction.'

Methanex, the world’s largest producer of methanol, was a $2.5 billion global company based in Canada. Top management at Methanex undertook a quarterly risk review that included a systematic review of corporate strategy and the competitive landscape in the methanol industry. The review’s primary objective was to identify organizational risks and opportunities and to develop appropriate strategic responses for both short-term profits and long-term growth. Methanex’s CEO needed to prepare strategic recommendations and an action plan to present to the board of directors at the next quarterly risk review meeting.

Methanex, the world's largest producer of methanol, was a $2.5 billion global company based in Canada. Top management at Methanex undertook a quarterly risk review that included a systematic review of corporate strategy and the competitive landscape in the methanol industry. The review's primary objective was to identify organizational risks and opportunities and to develop appropriate strategic responses for both short-term profits and long-term growth. Methanex's CEO needed to prepare strategic recommendations and an action plan to present to the board of directors at the next quarterly risk review meeting.

The 21st century has brought both opportunities and challenges in our global, boundary-less world. Importantly, managers face a dynamic and interconnected international environment. As such, 21st century managers need to consider the many opportunities and threats that Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers present and the resulting respective shifts in loci of activity, power, and value. To help managers understand this new dispensation, we propose five axioms: (1) social media are always a function of the technology, culture, and government of a particular country or context; (2) local events rarely remain local; (3) global events are likely to be (re)interpreted locally; (4) creative consumers' actions and creations are also dependent on technology, culture, and government; and (5) technology is historically dependent. At the heart of these axioms is the managerial recommendation to continually stay up to date on technology, customers, and social media. To implement this managerial recommendation, marketers must truly engage customers, embrace technology, limit the power of bureaucracy, train and invest in their employees, and inform senior management about the opportunities of social media.

Emotional investment improves relationships and promotes satisfying, enduring agreements. In a difficult economy, when other kinds of rewards are scarce, making people in your organization feel upbeat and engaged can yield considerable value.