Private equity firm Clayton, Dubilier & Rice (CD&R) is preparing a bid for leading US car rental agency Hertz. By replacing Hertz's top managers, improving capital management and driving down operating costs, CD&R sees an opportunity to nearly double EBITDA. However, the turnaround involves significant risks, which CD&R must weigh in preparing its bidding stategy. Students are required to assess and value the business, evaluate a post-acquisition operating turnaround plan requiring new leadership, select a financial structure to mitigate significant cyclicality, and craft a winning bidding strategy in the context of a competitive auction. Please visit the dedicated case website "https://cases.insead.edu/turnaround-of-hertz/" to access supplementary material.

At the end of 1998, Amazon.com founder and CEO Jeff Bezos ponders the next moves for his company. Having secured the leadership position as the leading online book seller in the United States, Amazon.com has now moved into the product categories of CDs and videos by year's end. Having expanded into the United Kingdom and Germany and having 6.2 million members, what new product categories should Amazon.com expand into during 1999? Consumer electronics? Travel? Toys? Software? The possibilities are endless, but Bezos knows the company needs to focus on choosing a few categories and performing well in those picked.

At the end of 1999, Amazon.com founder and CEO Jeff Bezos--just named Time Magazine's Man of the Year--ponders the next moves for his company. Having expanded into numerous categories in 1999, ranging from Z-shops to Auctions to E-cards as well as increasing the number of distribution sites to seven, Amazon.com is quickly transforming itself as an electronic retailer. But does Amazon.com's strategy make sense? Critics worry that Bezos may be stretching the Amazon.com brand too far instead of focusing on a few retail categories. Bezos sees the opportunity to dominate various retail categories online--leveraging off its base of 16.9 million customers--before the brick-and-mortar retailers do.

At the end of 1998, Jonathan Bulkeley, the newly-named CEO of barnesandnoble.com, is faced with a challenge. As the second leading online bookseller behind Amazon.com, barnesandnoble.com must build its market share. With Forrester Research predicting that the online bookselling market would grow to $3 billion in 2003, how could barnesandnoble.com attract more of the "newbies" coming onto the web to its site and become the leading online bookseller--as it was in the bricks-and-mortar world--over the long run?

At the end of 1999, Steve Riggio, the vice chairman and acting CEO of barnesandnoble.com, wonders what his company should do next against Amazon.com, the online retailer who is the leading online book seller in the United States. While barnesandnoble.com has been careful to expand into new categories related to media--such as magazines, CDs, and posters--Amazon.com has expanded into a variety of seemingly unrelated categories--such as Z-shops, auctions, and power tools. While some see this expansion as a weakness in Amazon.com's branding strategy, how could Riggio and barnesandnoble.com best exploit this so that they become the leading online bookseller over the long run in terms of market share and mind share?

Jeff Taylor, founder and CEO of Monster.com, ponders how his online site, the leading career site on the web, can continue its dominance (60% share in 1999) and growth on the Internet. Monster.com had just launched a nationwide branding campaign on television and entered a four-year deal with AOL. A rewritten version of an earlier case.

Updates the (A) case. Describes competitive developments and the evolution of Streamline's strategy through 1999. A rewritten version of an earlier case.

Discusses Amazon.com's newest and biggest challenge: The threat of Barnes & Noble's entrance into the on-line bookselling industry with its new site--barnesandnoble.com.

Examines the on-line division of Barnes & Noble, barnesandnoble.com. The on-line bookselling industry is examined, with emphasis on its biggest competitor, Amazon.com.

Jeff Bezos, the founder and CEO of Amazon.com, an Internet-based bookseller, has created one of the most successful ventures for electronic commerce on the Web. With revenue growing at a pace of 30% per month, Bezos attributes the success of Amazon.com to its value proposition--selectivity, availability, price, and service. Even so, Bezos is faced with new challenges in early 1997--competition from the mainstream bookstores Borders, Inc. and Barnes & Noble.

Describes the operations and strategy of the world's largest, fastest growing branchless bank. Using a person-to-person interface over conventional phone lines, First Direct provides standard banking and related financial products to nearly 700,000 customers throughout the United Kingdom. By employing a sophisticated customer information system and a highly educated workforce on the frontline, the bank has achieved customer satisfaction and retention levels that are roughly twice those of its nearest competitor in either direct or traditional retail banking services. This outcome was achieved through the use of information infrastructure to personalize services, model preference profiles, and cross-sell relevant products in the course of over-the-phone banking interactions. This breakthrough service model has demonstrated that banks may deliver greater quality of service at significantly lower costs by exploiting virtual or "marketspace" channels for service delivery and customer relationship management. The question facing the bank, a unit of Midland plc (which was, in turn, owned by HSBC), was how fast, in what manner, and in what market segments the organization should grow.

Illustrates the "Service Profit Chain" in action. QVC, whose initials stand for Quality, Value,, and Convenience, demonstrates clearly how a strong customer focus can lead to establishing a strong franchise in the retail sector and a highly profitable business whose revenue has grown 14% per year for 1992-96--usually at the expense of the rival Home Shopping Network and through higher customer retention.