Any company might one day face the test of a grave crisis that puts its very existence at risk. How can it survive the darkest moments and rise from the ashes? What is key to a company's longevity? The case of Luckin provides one possible answer. This case illustrated changes in Luckin's corporate strategy, business model, and operations strategy after its accounting fraud scandal. Luckin had previously adopted an aggressive expansion strategy. This approach featured prolific store openings, huge levels of financing, big customer discounts, and operations supported by a data-driven "new retail" system that acquired customers online and delivered products and services offline. This signature system took Luckin years to develop and refine. Customers didn't instantly abandon Luckin the aftermath of the scandal. Instead, customers rushed to Luckin stores to use up all their coupons just in case the company went out of business. While ensuring its stores could continue operating normally to keep up with this surge in demand, Luckin's new management team suspended its previous strategy and pivoted towards business performance. It focused on younger consumers and refined its operations strategy. The company launched new initiatives, including establishing private-domain traffic, introducing new products rigorously, and finetuning store operations to drive continued improvements in business performance. In August 2022, Luckin claimed to have "risen from the ashes and completely reinvented itself" as it announced second-quarter earnings. At that point in time, however, China's coffee segment was witnessing many emerging brands backed by deep-pocketed investors. Could Luckin sustain its growth amid such competition? How could it stay competitive?

In 2022, Wang Jun was the chairperson of Ant Fortune, a comprehensive wealth management platform under Ant Group. China's economic growth since 1978 led to a significant increase in the number of people having sufficient money to invest. Ant Fortune aimed to provide inclusive wealth management services to such consumers. Since 2013, Ant Fortune capitalised on China's high internet penetration rate and the popularity of Alipay, and started helping consumers invest in its money market fund Yu'e Bao. The improvement in technology meant that investment barriers were lowered, and users could be easily reached online. Algorithms could help users allocate funds and rebalance their portfolios automatically. Ant Fortune built an open platform to connect users with mutual fund providers. It endeavoured to be user-centric and provided educational tools to help investors make investment decisions. Wang's goal was to make Ant Fortune the most trusted wealth-management platform that promoted investment education to benefit society and the most trustworthy partner for wealth management firms.

In November 2020, after the world's largest online shopping festival, also known as Singles' Day or "11.11 Global Shopping Festival" in China ended on a high note, the express delivery industry was again confronted with issues of burgeoning packaging waste and increasing carbon footprint from parcel deliveries. Cainiao Smart Logistics Network, a logistics arm of Alibaba Group, the largest e-commerce company in China, had been mitigating the impact caused by rapid e-commerce and logistic development. An e-commerce logistics platform, Cainiao led the industry to embark on nationwide green campaigns and launched digitalisation initiatives, including the introduction of e-shipping labels, smart packing, sorting, and parcel routing algorithms. On a broader scale, Cainiao had also built smart warehouses, and deployed robots and autonomous vehicles that contributed to lower ecological footprint. Yet, much remained to be done and at a significant cost. What else could Cainiao do to promote going green, keeping in mind that there was an economic cost associated with all such initiatives?

Set in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic in May 2020, the case illustrates Pinduoduo's agile response to the crisis and its corporate social initiatives on rural revitalisation in China. Established in 2015 in Shanghai, Pinduoduo's meteoric rise to become the third-largest shopping platform in China (after Alibaba and JD) was fuelled by its unprecedented growth within the first three years of its founding. Valued at an estimated US$63 billion in May 2020, the Nasdaq-listed tech giant was not only adept at pivoting its business model during its early days, but had also pursued an innovative concept of team purchase, coupled with social sharing, viral marketing, and gamification as its growth and user engagement strategies. A key part of Pinduoduo's initial user acquisition was targeting the untapped rural market of nearly 600 million people in China. In giving back to society, it aimed to create meaningful impact on farmers' livelihoods. The firm's "Internet + Agriculture" model enabled growers to bypass unnecessary intermediaries to reach the consumers' markets more quickly and profitably. Poverty-stricken farmers who participated in the Duo Duo Farm programme had the opportunity to attend entrepreneurship training, and obtain subsidies, resources and advice. Through these collective social initiatives, farmers could benefit from improved productivity, higher quality products and most importantly, increased incomes. During the Covid-19 outbreak, Pinduoduo stepped in to support farmers' sales of agricultural produce on its livestreaming channels as well as the spring planting season. As the country gradually emerged from the crisis, how could Pinduoduo strike a balance between its sustainability efforts and the pursuit of its core business as an e-commerce platform?

The case describes what happened in December 2019 when Guo Meiling, the chairwoman of Beijing Century Galaxy Group, needed to decide whether she should invest in the RMB 50 million (US$7.1 million) deal of Yisheng Health. Yisheng Health consisted of two O2O platforms, Yisheng At-home and Yisheng Carefree. Guo Meiling has already invested RMB 60 million in the firm in 2016, and this will be the second round of investment. Century Galaxy Group is established in 1994 as a for-profit group. It mainly operates in the healthcare business, in two major sectors, industrial operations and investment. The group has invested in several companies, and is also actively involved in CSR initiatives that includes charity donation drives and volunteering activities. In addition, Guo is attracted to impact investing, hoping that she can integrate her sense of compassion into the healthcare business. Under her leadership, the group has reinterpreted 'natural wellness' and made several double bottom-line investments. Yisheng Health is one of them. Guo's decision to invest further depends on her views on social investment, especially on impact investing. To date, China has accumulated limited knowledge about impact investing, and domestic scholars has not yet published any related articles. If Century Galaxy were to attempt to conduct impact investing, what would be a good international standard to follow? How could this type of investment be integrated into healthcare to create synergy for Century Galaxy? From the perspective of impact investing, should Guo invest in Yisheng Health?

Set in January 2020, this case presents Ant Financial's success in promoting financial inclusion in China through its Quick Response (QR) Merchant Growth Plan. Established in 2014, Ant Financial grew out of Alipay, a mobile payment provider that served Alibaba's e-commerce customers. Inheriting Alipay's huge customer base, Ant Financial grew rapidly and in 2019, it dominated 54.2% of China's US$7 trillion mobile payment market. The QR Merchant Growth Plan was launched in May 2018, encouraging merchants to accept QR codes in payments. Also known as QR Merchants, these micro-entrepreneurs typically resided in China's lower tier cities. The Plan progressed from offering 'plain vanilla' business loans to a multi-product suite, and has since served more than 12 million micro businesses. To scale further, Ant Financial has set a bold target of reaching out to 100 million small and micro businesses by 2021. However, China's central bank had announced a new regulation requiring all merchants to use a universal QR code for transactions by 2021. How will it challenge Ant Financial's dominance of the mobile payment market? In the face of impending regulatory pressure, how viable will the QR Merchant Growth Plan be in the mid to long term? Concurrently, Ant Financial's foray into the digitisation of commercial banks presents new business opportunities. Through the provision of 'technology as a service' to banks, Ant Financial's pivot from a competitor to a partner is timely as traditional banks realise the need for digital transformation. But will the new business model work in favour of Ant Financial to bring the next wave of growth?

The case is set in January 2019, when Di Xu, the team leader of Ant Forest, a green initiative within the Chinese payment and lifestyle app Alipay, is reviewing the strategy for Ant Forest. Ant Forest was started in 2016 as a corporate social responsibility (CSR) project under Alipay. It was financially supported by Alipay's parent company, Ant Financial. From the time of its launch to October 2018, Ant Forest has managed to attract almost 400 million users to its cause of promoting 'green', low carbon emissions behaviour among the lifestyles of its users. It has done so by letting users of Ant Forest win 'energy points' through low-carbon behaviours (such as walking to work instead of driving, or reducing their use of plastic), and then accumulating the points towards planting a virtual tree of their choice. When a user had accumulated a sufficient number of energy points, Ant Forest would, through its partners, plant a real, physical tree on their behalf in the deserts of Inner Mongolia. The uptake of the Ant Forest initiative has exceeded the team's expectations, and there has been considerable positive feedback received from users who have experienced good social and health benefits through their use of Ant Forest. Di Xu is now evaluating the next steps for Ant Forest. Should the Ant Forest initiative be taken overseas? If so, which features of the product, and the business model, should be implemented?

This case is set in October 2019. Masami Komatsu, CEO of Music Securities (MS), had received a request from Toyomi Electric Co. Ltd. Toyomi Electric had suffered damages to its factory and workforce in the 2011 earthquake that had struck Japan, and needed urgent financing to rebuild its production capacity. It sought help from MS to raise funds on its online crowdfunding platform, Securite. Securite was an investment crowdfunding platform with a focus on empathy-based financial inclusion. Among the several hundred funds it managed, Securite had previously set up disaster relief funds aimed at providing financial aid to businesses destroyed by natural disasters. As a victim of the 2011 earthquake, Toyomi Electric would qualify as a potential recipient of this financial aid. However, Toyomi Electric had a reputation for generating negative social impact by releasing pollutants into the air and water, harming the well-being of neighbouring populations and environment. Investment decisions in Securite were guided by three criteria: social returns, strength of the business model and expected investment returns. Before deciding to raise funds for Toyomi Electric, MS must evaluate the potential impact of its decision and the alignment with the MS' objectives.

In August 2018, Felicia Wong, Chief Investment Officer at 88 Capital, the investment arm of a Hong Kong family office, was considering investing in a bike-sharing company. The bike-sharing business was booming in China, with the two dominant players Mobike and ofo rapidly expanding. Mobike had been acquired for US$3.4 billion by Meituan Dianping, a food delivery company. ofo also had unicorn status with a roughly US$3 billion valuation. The bike-sharing industry could potentially disrupt the transportation industry. Bikes had the advantage of being able to bypass gridlocked streets and were more environmentally sustainable than private cars. In addition, the use of bikes promoted a healthier lifestyle and offered a prospective solution to the last mile problem for commuters who used public transport. But despite the many advantages of using dockless bikes, the practice brought about problems as these bikes were parked indiscriminately on pedestrian walkways and pedalled on busy roads. The industry also had too many players in China. In addition, bike-sharing companies were not yet profitable. Companies had prioritised gaining market share over making profits to increase the value of their respective platforms. It was expected that the industry would become more valuable should city planners approve plans to redesign transport networks to accommodate bikes. As at August 2018, the low rental fees and high capital expenditures were proving to be unsustainable. Mobike was the largest player in China and were likely to survive the industry's consolidation phase. The firm had strategic partnerships to help it reach critical mass and improve its service offerings. Wong wondered if it was worth investing in Mobike at this stage.

This case is set January 2019. Song Jianping is senior advisor to Chinese pharmaceutical firm Artepharm, which has been engaging in malaria elimination in Africa since 2003. With a deep understanding of the African market, the company has developed an innovative approach to malaria elimination, stemming from traditional Chinese medicine. It created a combination drug marketed as Artequick and put forward an innovative programme called Fast Elimination of Malaria by Source Eradication (FEMSE). Despite the success of the FEMSE programme, which had been tested in the Comoros and eliminated about 95% of the malaria cases there, Artepharm had been facing a lot of challenges in commercialising its innovative and effective solution. These challenges include a lack of presence in the public market which was dominated by multinational corporations such as Novartis and generic pharmaceutical companies from India. Artepharm recognises that it has realised only a small fraction of the potential sales of antimalarial drugs on the African continent. Song is thinking about the next steps to increase Artequick sales, so that the company can become profitable and not rely on funding from its parent company and the Chinese government.