This case illustrates some of the complexities involved in teaching in a participant-centered learning process. Specifically, it focuses on the learning process components as well as the tensions and barriers that hinder teaching practice changes. It describes an actual teaching experience with a couple of former Colombian combatants -one from a paramilitary group and another one from a guerrilla army- who are invited to an undergraduate public management course to share their life experiences with students in an innovative attempt by the teacher to bring the reality of this conflict closer to class participants. Students' reactions in class and their subsequent analysis build up a tense atmosphere that drives the professor to question her own teaching methods. On account of the specific issue addressed by this case -students' attitude towards Colombia's armed conflict as a result of their social status- this case may be used to discuss the impending challenges faced by a society after a conflict like the one experienced by Colombia.
This case describes how Codensa, an electricity company in Bogotá and Cundinamarca (Colombia), developed an easy-access consumer credit business model for low-income populations leveraged by the cost structure of its core business. Codensa offered consumer credit to low income populations through the Codensa Hogar business unit, by linking together a value chain of large retailers and manufacturers of household appliances. Codensa entered into this business as part of its commercial branding strategy, contributing its billing structure as credit collection instrument. During the first five years of the program, 95% of the 450,000 people who took out one or more loans belonged to the lower economic strata, and were between 25 and 45 years old. Sixty-six percent of Codensa users were people who did not participate in the formal banking system. After obtaining a credit history with Codensa, 45% of this population gained access to other financial services. Over the course of five years, Codensa Hogar surpassed the US$250 million mark in its credit portfolio, issuing loans up to three times the salary of electric bill holders. Nearly 50% of clients asked for new credit upon completing their payments. In 2006, the unusual growth rates of Codensa Hogar aroused concern among shareholders. If it were to sustain this rate, the surplus from the electric energy business would not be enough. Growth funds should be sought from within the company or from an outside source. However, members of the financial division disagreed. They argued that the funding cost that Codensa had to pay the electricity company should include an analysis of the risks assumed by the company. The difference between the commercial and financial visions posed a variety of challenges for general management. This case may be used in intermediate courses on financial management and strategy, financial strategy and corporate strategy or courses on business models oriented towards a "double bottom line."
AMICHOCÓ Foundation was a private non-profit organization operating since 1996 in the Colombian department of Chocó, one of the poorest in the country and characterized by being largely inhabited by ethnic minorities of African origin and enjoying one of the highest levels of biodiversity in the world. The Foundation implemented productive projects that help improve the living conditions in communities within a framework of social and environmental sustainability. In this line, in 2000, the Foundation encouraged the creation of Oro Verde Corporation (hereinafter, OVC), a cross-sector alliance involving, in addition to AMICHOCÓ, three local social organizations. OVC developed the Green Gold program that considered conventional small- scale mining as a productive alternative that could be integrated to specific market niches. The case depicts the overall situation of Chocó department and the importance of the mining industry to its economy. It also describes OVC's inception and the role played by AMICHOCÓ in its creation, and provides a detailed account of the Green Gold program, with an emphasis on its value proposition: a business model that articulated traditional gold production in Chocó with green international markets. In addition, it recounts the concerns expressed by community representatives with regard to the model's efficiency and its capacity to create economic value. These concerns raised the possibility of building alliances with medium-scale private mechanized mining companies in order to enhance the model's economic impact. Exhibits provide information on the characteristics of Chocó department, social and environmental impacts of medium-scale mining, environmental conservation criteria governing the Green Gold model, and estimated economic results for conventional mining and mechanized mining operations.
Wok is a restaurant chain founded in BogotaÌ in 1998. By 2011, Wok was on its path to becoming the first "green" restaurant chain in Colombia, following its strategic decision to integrally incorporate social and environmental dimensions into its value chain. At that point, consolidating its position as the leader in sustainability required more than philanthropic decisions from senior managers. How far should that transition progress? To what extent could Wok mobilize industry players without jeopardizing its competitive positioning? Did transition benefits outweigh costs? Were the risks worthwhile?
The Association for the Wellbeing of the Colombian Family, Profamilia, is a private, nonprofit organization founded in September 1965 by Dr. Fernando Tamayo Ogliastri with the objective of distributing family planning to low income families. Profamilia was a pioneer in its field; its impact increased as it became both organizationally and administratively stronger, and as its focus on family planning was expanded to include sexual and reproductive health. After four decades of operation, Profamilia continued to offer services to attend to the sexual and reproductive health of Colombians. By mid-2003, Profamilia, spurred by changes in the health sector in Colombia with the implementation of Law 100 of 1993, needed to redefine its strategy. The health sector reform encouraged the entry of other organizations that competed directly with Profamilia, resulting in the organization's loss of its relative monopoly as a provider of reproductive health services and family planning products. The most visible consequence was the reduction of its participation in the market. Changes in the sector gave impulse to the process of strategic redefinition to face critical tradeoffs between social and economic value generation.