The case describes the creation and evolution of Brazil's first low-cost airline - GOL. From the outset GOL was driven by innovation and within a few years of operating had become the country's leading airline. Although initially a low-cost carrier, over the years it became increasingly customer-centric, striving to improve the customer experience by removing the pain points of air travel. As competition from new low-cost entrants intensified, could GOL maintain its lead in the domestic market? Was it destined to become the Uber of the airways, in a segment between low-cost and full-service offerings, relying on innovation to keep costs down? The case discusses GOL's options for growth, specifically its potential for international expansion.

Garmin 2019 is the second in a two-part case. Case A reviews the history of Garmin from 1991 to 2008, when the personal navigation device (PND) industry is disrupted by the entry of smartphones with mapping applications. Garmin 2019 covers the decade until 2019, describing how Garmin and other major players responded to shifting consumer preferences, new developments in digital mapping and satellite networks, and the race to develop self-driving cars. In the face of a massive decline in the PND market in this period, Garmin staged a remarkable recovery, shifting focus to spread over diverse products segments, each with its own threats and opportunities. The core of the case is management's reassessment of corporate strategy across the portfolio of businesses.

Garmin at the Crossroads (Case A) reviews the history of Garmin from its founding in 1991 until 2008. After 17 consecutive years of profitable growth in the personal navigation devices (PND) industry, Garmin was a top player with a strong cash position. However, challenges loomed with the advent of alternative global navigation satellite systems, increasing penetration of smartphones, the reshuffling of the digital map data market, and the industry's consolidation. The case explores the options available to Garmin to weather the storm. Case B (Garmin 2019) describes the changes in the industry in the following decade, how Garmin responded, and the resulting performance.

Case A reviews the history of IMAX Corporation from its founding until the introduction of Digital Media Remastering (DMR) technology in 2002. Since its founding, IMAX had struggled to achieve sustainable, profitable growth. The case explores IMAX's difficulties in attracting movie studios and theatres to its platform. Case B describes the changes in the ecosystem implemented after DMR, and the resulting performance.

Case A reviews the history of IMAX Corporation from its founding until the introduction of Digital Media Remastering (DMR) technology in 2002. Since its founding, IMAX had struggled to achieve sustainable, profitable growth. The case explores IMAX's difficulties in attracting movie studios and theatres to its platform. Case B describes the changes in the ecosystem implemented after DMR, and the resulting performance.

Nokia has dominated the mobile handset business for over 20 years. But as mobile technologies evolves and the consumer focus shiftsfrom handset design towards software and content platforms, it creates an opportunity for new players, such as RIM, Apple and Google, to enter the market and challenge Nokia's position. This case examines the competitive situation in the mobile ecosystem and Nokia's attempt to redefine itself as an 'internet company' in 2008.