This technical note provides an overview of accounting for revenues. It discusses the five-step process to revenue recognition outlined in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606 and applies those steps to both a simple example of the sale by a bakery and a more complex example of the sale by a software company of a bundle of services.

This technical note provides an overview of accounting for property, plant, and equipment and depreciation expense. It discusses determining what costs related to the asset should be capitalized and what should be expensed, determining what amount should be recorded on the income statement each period as depreciation expense (including alternative depreciation methods), determining if and when a change in the value of an asset should be recorded, and determining when to dispose of a fixed asset and how to reflect that in the financial statements.

This technical note provides an overview of accounting for owners equity. It discusses the concepts of common stock and preferred stock, as well as authorized, issued, and outstanding shares. It covers the accounting for issuances of stock, repurchases of stock (treasury stock), capital stock and additional paid in capital, and dividends. It touches briefly on comprehensive income and earnings per share.

This technical note provides an overview of accounting for bonds. It discusses bonds priced at face value, a discount, and a premium. It discusses the differences between the coupon rate and effective interest rate and their implications for both the pricing and accounting for bonds. It covers the amortization of bond discounts and premiums, and it briefly discusses the early retirement of bonds and accounting for bonds using the fair value method.

This technical note provides an overview of accounting for inventory and cost of goods sold expense. It discusses accounting for the purchase and sale of inventory, periodic and perpetual inventory systems, inventory write-downs, and alternative inventory costing methods. It also discusses the use of the LIFO Reserve to adjust financial statements prepared using the LIFO method of inventory valuation to an as-if FIFO basis, illustrating those adjustments with an example.

This technical note provides an overview of accounting for accounts receivable. Students will learn how to account for sales on account, record write-offs and recoveries of accounts receivable, and estimate of bad debt expense using both the aging method and percent of sale method.

This technical note provides an overview of the financial reporting process. It includes a discussion of key players in the process, financial reporting requirements, the external audit process, and the annual report.

This technical note provides an overview of accounting for contingent liabilities. It outlines the decision process management uses to determine the financial statement implications of such liabilities. It provides an example and walks through the appropriate accounting steps.

This technical note provides an overview of accounting for investments in equity securities. It discusses passive investments and fair value accounting, investments resulting in significant influence and the equity method of accounting, and investments resulting in control and consolidation accounting. It provides examples of each of the three possible accounting approaches and walks through the appropriate accounting for each.

This technical note graphically presents various working capital ratios (days inventory outstanding, days sales outstanding, days payables outstanding, cash conversion cycle, and operating cycle) over the 2016-2022 period by industry and for specific well-known companies. Students are given the opportunity to craft an intuitive "story" around the ratios they are presented.

On June 16, 2017, PerkinElmer, Inc., announced that it would acquire EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (EUROIMMUN), thus making EUROIMMUN an official subsidiary of PerkinElmer. Students are expected to consider strategic motivations behind the acquisition, from the perspectives of both parties, as well as the risks associated with such an acquisition. In addition, they should be able to prepare a pro forma post-acquisition consolidated balance sheet for the combined company. This case is intended for use in a financial accounting course to demonstrate the accounting for acquisitions, specifically where intangible assets could be motivating factors for purchase. Students are expected to prepare two post-acquisition consolidated balance sheets for PerkinElmer (with and without the use of short-term debt facilities), and must consider justifications and risks behind each financing option. Students are asked to consider potential motivations for the acquisition, risks to both parties in entering into this agreement, and market advantages resulting from PerkinElmer's acquisition of EUROIMMUN. In addition, students will also be exposed to and explore the rationale behind the goodwill and intangible asset fair values and purchase price allocations as assessed by PerkinElmer.

Alan Philips has just completed his first year as manager of Boulevard Sandwiches, Inc., Unit No. 2. Actual profit for the year was well below budgeted profit. Philips is preparing for a meeting with Carla Thomas, the owner of Boulevard Sandwiches, Inc., to discuss the 2018 operating results and Philips's performance for the year. In December 2017, Philips had met with Thomas and had accepted the 2018 budget as aggressive but achievable. Now, he must convince Thomas that he did a good job during his first year as manager and that he deserves a bonus. This case can be used alone or after "Boulevard Sandwiches, Inc. (A)" (UV7969), which focuses on preparing the 2018 budget for Boulevard Sandwiches Unit No. 2.

Carla Thomas, the owner of Boulevard Sandwiches, is preparing to meet with Alan Philips, the new manager of Boulevard Sandwiches, Inc., Unit No. 2, in mid-December 2017. The primary purpose of this meeting is to finalize the 2018 operating plan for the location, as well as to conduct sensitivity analysis related to the assumptions included in the budget. Thomas has decided that, due to the growth of her business, she can no longer continue to manage the operation as she did when there were only a couple of locations, so she is in the process of implementing a more formal and extensive planning and budgeting process. This case may be used as a stand-alone case on budgeting, or it may be paired with "Boulevard Sandwiches, Inc. (B)" (UV7971) in a module on budgeting and strategic profitability analysis or flexible budgeting.

The financially savvy (fictional) protagonist in this case is an independent artist, intrigued with the possibility of becoming a seller on the Etsy, Inc., marketplace. As such, she is seeking to learn about the company-that is, its culture, recent history, and incentive compensation philosophy and practices for top executives. The case provides pertinent, publicly sourced information for exploring and discussing such issues. This case is suitable for an undergraduate, graduate, or non-degree executive education course where the focal topic is, in general, performance management, and more specifically, the use and design of executive incentive compensation plans. A valuable secondary objective is to introduce students to some of the company information disclosed in a publicly available corporate proxy statement. That document, filed with the SEC as Form DEF 14A, is filed in preparation for a public company's annual shareholder meeting.

This case uses an array of carefully selected and excerpted revenue recognition related information contained in Salesforce.com's January 31, 2019, 10-K. Maria, the fictional protagonist, is seeking to understand those disclosures as part of her preparation for an upcoming job interview with the company. As such, she is relying on those disclosures to provide insights as to the company's main product/service lines, the events that signal when and how much revenue the company has earned (i.e., the essence of its business model), along with the related official generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) criteria pertinent to the valuing and timing of recorded revenues.

Based in Omaha, Nebraska, Berkshire Hathaway Inc. is a holding company that invests in many diverse businesses. The most significant of those are property and casualty insurance businesses, although the company owns businesses in the railroad, utilities, energy, and finance industries as well. The case focuses on accounting for investments at Berkshire Hathaway. The company adopted the new US guidance (ASU 2016-01) on accounting for investments in its 2018 10-K, and key excerpts from that report comprise much of the case. Students are asked to review Berkshire Hathaway's financial statements and the footnotes related to its investments, consider the method of accounting for those investments, and decipher their impact on the financial statements.

This case provides instructors with an opportunity to discuss some of the fundamental aspects of a typical public company's shareholders' equity financial reporting and financial disclosures. As such, students are provided with information pertaining to PepsiCo's common stock, preferred stock, stock repurchases, cash dividends, stock splits, and GAAP earnings per share (EPS) versus non-GAAP EPS. In addition, the case also provides an interesting bit of information regarding PepsiCo's 2017 move from the NYSE to the Nasdaq.

Preparing for a potential interview, an MBA graduate reads extensively about Daimler AG. She learns about company's longtime presence in China manufacturing luxury automobiles and its continued investment in manufacturing and R&D capacity in that country. She also learns that the company financed part of its operations and growth in China by issuing bonds in both China and Hong Kong and wonders whether the company would return to those bond markets.

An MBA graduate prepares for a possible interview with Caterpillar Inc. by reading about the company's longtime presence in China manufacturing heavy equipment and its continued optimism about the heavy equipment market in that country. He also learns that the company financed part of its operations and growth in China by issuing bonds in Hong Kong and wonders whether the company would return to that bond market in Hong Kong.

As Berkshire Hathaway had reported in its 2018, first quarter, 10-Q, it was "engage[d] in a number of diverse business activities." Maria knew that Berkshire Hathaway bought the stock of numerous other companies. She assumed that the company's holdings in the common stock of other companies represented various ownership percentages, and she wanted to explore that possibility more extensively.