The capability of AI is currently expanding beyond mechanical and repetitive to analytical and thinking. A "Feeling Economy" is emerging, in which AI performs many of the analytical and thinking tasks, and human workers gravitate more toward interpersonal and empathetic tasks. Although these people-focused tasks have always been important to jobs, they are now becoming more important to an unprecedented degree. To manage more effectively in the Feeling Economy, managers must adapt the nature of jobs to compensate for the fact that many of the analytical and thinking tasks are increasingly being performed by AI, and, thus, human workers must place increased emphasis on the empathetic and emotional dimensions of their work.

This is an MIT Sloan Management Review article. Executives typically think about productivity as something to be maximized. In service businesses, that means that companies often devote a lot of attention to designing automated processes that reduce their need for people -typically their most expensive resource. But in service businesses, increased productivity does not always lead to increased profitability. The authors analyzed data from more than 700 U.S. companies in service industries in 2002 and 2007. Their analysis suggested that, for a given level of technology, there is an inverted U relationship between productivity and profitability in service companies. In other words, service companies become less profitable if they are either too productive or not productive enough. However, because technology advances over time, the optimal productivity level increases over time. The authors found that several factors cause the optimal productivity level to be higher or lower. The optimal productivity level is not set in stone. As technology advances, the optimal productivity level increases. Online travel reservation systems offer an example. Advances in online technology enabled online travel service Expedia Inc. to increase its productivity by 15% from 2005 to 2010, with no damage to customer satisfaction. The authors argue that productivity in a service business should be treated as a strategic decision variable that depends on the business and the technology in question. One key question is the relative importance of customer satisfaction to the business model. When circumstances encourage the provision of better service quality (comparatively high profit margin, high price, low market concentration and low wages), companies should emphasize customer satisfaction more; when the opposite factors are present (high market concentration, high wages, low margin and low price), they can stress service productivity.

Jharna Software was a medium-sized Indian software developer with an offshore center in the United States. The team in the United States usually performed systems analysis and design work at the customers' sites, while the rest of the development process was done in Indian development centers. Jharna Software was doing very well and had earned many prizes for export performance from the Indian government. It was, however, increasingly pressured by its main U.S. clients to adopt the emerging methods of producing quality software in a shorter time and with smaller budgets. Builds on the fundamental concepts of software engineering such as the plan-based approach (e.g., waterfall model) and the agile approach (e.g., extreme programming). Although agile methods are seen as an improvement over plan-based methods, they have various requirements (e.g., dynamic requirements analysis, frequent face-to-face meetings, lack of structure, strong emphasis on people rather than processes) that are difficult to meet in the offshore environment. Explains why plan-based methods are therefore commonly used in offshore locations.

Greg Jamison, the head of global sourcing at USTech, has a complicated situation on his hands. The U.S. consumer electronics giant has long outsourced much of the design and production of its branded offerings to TaiSource, an original design manufacturer, or ODM, in Taiwan. TaiSource, in turn, has moved most of its manufacturing to Beijing, giving USTech many of the cost benefits--and none of the hassles--of sourcing in China. But commodity producers are squeezing USTech's margins, and higher end rivals are gaining market share, forcing the company to rethink its sales strategy in China and its relationship with TaiSource. Greg values the close bond his firm has forged with the ODM, but he knows the sole-source model has become an anomaly in the industry. And other USTech executives want to explore direct sourcing in China and learn about other Taiwanese ODMs, known for their high quality. When Greg hires a longtime TaiSource employee to get a feel for the fast-growing China market and scout out other suppliers in China and Taiwan, relations between the two companies start to fray. Moreover, there are signs that TaiSource plans to market its own branded goods in China. Will TaiSource and USTech end up as competitors? How can USTech protect its relationship with TaiSource while it explores sourcing and sales opportunities in Asia? Commenting on this fictional case study in R0603A and R0603Z are Bruce K. Riggs, the senior vice-president for operations and customer care at Gateway in Irvine, California; Barry C. Lynn, a senior fellow at the New America Foundation in Washington, D.C.; Wang Dongsheng, the chairman and CEO of BOE Technology Group in Beijing; and Paul Gaffney, the executive vice-president for supply chain at Staples in Framingham, Massachusetts.

Greg Jamison, the head of global sourcing at USTech, has a complicated situation on his hands. The U.S. consumer electronics giant has long outsourced much of the design and production of its branded offerings to TaiSource, an original design manufacturer, or ODM, in Taiwan. TaiSource, in turn, has moved most of its manufacturing to Beijing, giving USTech many of the cost benefits--and none of the hassles--of sourcing in China. But commodity producers are squeezing USTech's margins, and higher end rivals are gaining market share, forcing the company to rethink its sales strategy in China and its relationship with TaiSource. Greg values the close bond his firm has forged with the ODM, but he knows the sole-source model has become an anomaly in the industry. And other USTech executives want to explore direct sourcing in China and learn about other Taiwanese ODMs, known for their high quality. When Greg hires a longtime TaiSource employee to get a feel for the fast-growing China market and scout out other suppliers in China and Taiwan, relations between the two companies start to fray. Moreover, there are signs that TaiSource plans to market its own branded goods in China. Will TaiSource and USTech end up as competitors? How can USTech protect its relationship with TaiSource while it explores sourcing and sales opportunities in Asia? Commenting on this fictional case study in R0603A and R0603Z are Bruce K. Riggs, the senior vice-president for operations and customer care at Gateway in Irvine, California; Barry C. Lynn, a senior fellow at the New America Foundation in Washington, D.C.; Wang Dongsheng, the chairman and CEO of BOE Technology Group in Beijing; and Paul Gaffney, the executive vice-president for supply chain at Staples in Framingham, Massachusetts.

Greg Jamison, the head of global sourcing at USTech, has a complicated situation on his hands. The U.S. consumer electronics giant has long outsourced much of the design and production of its branded offerings to TaiSource, an original design manufacturer, or ODM, in Taiwan. TaiSource, in turn, has moved most of its manufacturing to Beijing, giving USTech many of the cost benefits--and none of the hassles--of sourcing in China. But commodity producers are squeezing USTech's margins, and higher end rivals are gaining market share, forcing the company to rethink its sales strategy in China and its relationship with TaiSource. Greg values the close bond his firm has forged with the ODM, but he knows the sole-source model has become an anomaly in the industry. And other USTech executives want to explore direct sourcing in China and learn about other Taiwanese ODMs, known for their high quality. When Greg hires a longtime TaiSource employee to get a feel for the fast-growing China market and scout out other suppliers in China and Taiwan, relations between the two companies start to fray. Moreover, there are signs that TaiSource plans to market its own branded goods in China. Will TaiSource and USTech end up as competitors? How can USTech protect its relationship with TaiSource while it explores sourcing and sales opportunities in Asia? Commenting on this fictional case study in R0603A and R0603Z are Bruce K. Riggs, the senior vice-president for operations and customer care at Gateway in Irvine, California; Barry C. Lynn, a senior fellow at the New America Foundation in Washington, D.C.; Wang Dongsheng, the chairman and CEO of BOE Technology Group in Beijing; and Paul Gaffney, the executive vice-president for supply chain at Staples in Framingham, Massachusetts.