This technical note provides a compiled 2022 annual report for the United States of America, consolidated for the public and private sectors. It includes financial statements, accompanying notes, discussion and analysis, and a summary of risk factors. An introductory section specifies the report's overarching purpose, as well as describing the role of accounting more generally for any defined entity. This annual report is designed to enable access to objective and transparent financial information about the United States within a single document. It can serve as a bridge to a candid and complete conversation about the nation's economic and financial condition. The summary is a descriptive work, not theoretical. To increase accessibility, effort was made where possible to present and describe information in layman's terms and language.

This technical note provides a compiled 2021 annual report for the United States of America, consolidated for the public and private sectors. It includes financial statements, accompanying notes, discussion and analysis, and a summary of risk factors. An introductory section specifies the report's overarching purpose, as well as describing the role of accounting more generally for any defined entity. This annual report is designed to enable access to objective and transparent financial information about the United States within a single document. It can serve as a bridge to a candid and complete conversation about the nation's economic and financial condition. The summary is a descriptive work, not theoretical. To increase accessibility, effort was made where possible to present and describe information in layman's terms and language.

This technical note provides a compiled 2020 annual report for the United States of America, consolidated for the public and private sectors. It includes financial statements, accompanying notes, discussion and analysis, and a summary of risk factors. An introductory section specifies the report's overarching purpose, as well as describing the role of accounting more generally for any defined entity. This annual report is designed to enable access to objective and transparent financial information about the United States within a single document. It can serve as a bridge to a candid and complete conversation about the nation's economic and financial condition. The summary is a descriptive work, not theoretical. To increase accessibility, effort was made where possible to present and describe information in layman's terms and language.

A change in the corporate US federal income tax rate necessitates an adjustment to a company's balance sheet deferred tax account. Stephanie Allen has been tasked with determining the projected effects of several "what if" changes in the corporate income tax rate on her employer's (Software for Seniors, Corp.) and a peer's DuPont ratios and earnings per share performance measures. This general experience-based case uses data created by the authors that generally model the proportionalities of various line items within the financial statements of some real-world companies. As such, the financial statement effects due to an income tax rate change explored in this case are reasonable. It is suitable for an undergraduate or graduate level financial reporting course or a financial statement analysis course.

The owners of a chain of hardware stores are preparing the most recent quarter financial statements. A number of business details are provided, including information to assess accrual accounting net income: sales, cost of sales, operating expenses, interest, depreciation, and taxes. The most recent balance sheet is provided, enabling an assessment of basic accruals (e.g., tax payable). This case may be used as a stand-alone exercise to illustrate the preparation of balance sheets and income statements using transactions and accruals.

The owner of a small retail flooring company is projecting her company's financial performance and financial position for the current 2020 calendar year. The company began business in 2019, and by all measures, that first year had been a financial success. A small profit was earned, and the year ended in a strong financial position. But disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has caused the need for new planning. A number of changes to business activity are projected, together enabling the construction of pro forma 2020 financial statements. Liquidity, profit, and the ability to take an annual owner's draw could then be assessed. This case is optimally used early in an introductory financial accounting course, or as a stand-alone exercise that illustrates the construction of financial statements. It can also be used as two distinct accounting analyses: (i) students can use the case data to reconstruct the 2019 balance sheet and income statement provided within the case exhibits, and (ii) they can also use the new projections to complete the 2020 pro forma financial statements.

This case, based on general business experience, casts students in the role of analyzing the financial effects of a possible outsourcing decision. Lee and Marcia Mills, owners of LeMar Outdoor Play Products, Ltd. (LOPP), a Canadian company that designs, manufactures, and installs outdoor play equipment, are faced with a decision pertaining to whether LOPP should outsource the company's back-office information technology enabled services (IT-ES) functions. Lee engages with an outside advisory firm specializing in matching companies with suitable outsourcing partners in India, and eventually a contract is presented. From just a financial perspective, students must ascertain whether Lee and Marcia should accept the outsourcing offer.

Whether taught to students unfamiliar with U.S. business culture or to students unacquainted with working in China, this case allows for an exploration of values that shape attitudes and behaviors in both countries. The material presents one executive's unique leadership experience in managing across cultures. From creating cross-cultural teams to balancing the goals of corporate in the United States and local operations in China, Owen Rankin's role as a leader in the middle is rich with experiences dealing with preconceived notions. The case works as a source for any manager working outside his or her home country. In the (A) case Owen Rankin, VP of corporate reputation at Johnson & Johnson (J&J), is appointed to head up J&J's Olympic Games committee. He was tasked with convincing others in the organization to move forward on the project. Rankin and his team spent months going back and forth to China, meeting with J&J business-unit leaders, and trying to persuade them to support the project. The (A) case ends at Rankin and his core committee back in China at their final decision-making meeting-would it be a go or a no-go decision? The (B) case presents Rankin's experience to build a team, engage stakeholders, develop and activate programs, attend the games, and then wrap up the closing of the sponsorship. As Rankin and his team supervised the dismantling of the event, thoughts turned to the next Olympic Games in Vancouver, Canada, and London, England. Should J&J continue to be a sponsor?

Whether taught to students unfamiliar with U.S. business culture or to students unacquainted with working in China, this case allows for an exploration of values that shape attitudes and behaviors in both countries. The material presents one executive's unique leadership experience in managing across cultures. From creating cross-cultural teams to balancing the goals of corporate in the United States and local operations in China, Owen Rankin's role as a leader in the middle is rich with experiences dealing with preconceived notions. The case works as a source for any manager working outside his or her home country. In the (A) case Owen Rankin, VP of corporate reputation at Johnson & Johnson (J&J), is appointed to head up J&J's Olympic Games committee. He was tasked with convincing others in the organization to move forward on the project. . Rankin and his team spent months going back and forth to China, meeting with J&J business-unit leaders, and trying to persuade them to support the project. The (A) case ends at Rankin and his core committee back in China at their final decision-making meeting-would it be a go or a no-go decision? The (B) case presents Rankin's experience to build a team, engage stakeholders, develop and activate programs, attend the games, and then wrap up the closing of the sponsorship. As Rankin and his team supervised the dismantling of the event, thoughts turned to the next Olympic Games in Vancouver, Canada, and London, England. Should J&J continue to be a sponsor?

This case provides a context wherein a variety of financial accounting issues can be discussed, particularly those related to the multi-period dependence of accounting accruals. A less direct but nonetheless important issue relates to earnings management and ends up being a central theme of the case. The case focuses on three basic accounting topics-LIFO inventory reserves, the allowance for doubtful accounts, and depreciation policies and assumptions-that span the range of earnings management considerations. It was written as a capstone case for a 90-minute graduate-level introductory financial accounting course. The appropriate audience would be graduate- or undergraduate-level business students, executives, or those studying or working in financial fields. The case lends itself to team-teaching opportunities within accounting, ethics, finance, and leadership.

This note introduces multiple concepts of leverage from an accounting context, specifically as they relate to balance sheets and income statements. Both operating- and financial-leverage ratios and their relation to changes in widely accepted profitability measures are reviewed.

Spreadsheet supplement for teaching note UV6806.

This case is used in Darden's EMBA and Global EMBA programs. It works well in any course covering short- and long-term strategic issues for a privately held firm experiencing strong growth. In 2011, sales at Chick-fil-A (CFA)surpassed $4 billion; however due to ownership's aversion to debt, the pace of expansion was significantly slower than the fast-food-segment average. Also, the biggest differences between CFA and other fast-food chains were its private, family-controlled ownership structure and its management philosophy. This case explores the relationship between an enterprise's philosophy and its long-term viability.

With a cross-disciplinary perspective, this field-based case series uses the purchase of a manufacturing company based in China to set the stage for an analysis of cost accounting, operational effectiveness, and cross-cultural communication. It offers a discussion about the strategy to purchase a Chinese firm to enter a promising business line for the Chinese market and provides an opportunity to introduce basic accounting, management communication, and operational terms that can be explored in following classes. The material includes an overview of a partnership between a Westerner and two Chinese executives, the issues they discovered through due diligence, plans to break into a new market, and their efforts to communicate lean manufacturing principles in another language and culture. If possible, inviting colleagues from accounting, communications, or operations to jointly teach the class enriches the discussion and provides an integrated learning experience. The A case opens with an overview of the capacitor factory in the province of Henan, China that Peer Nielsen, Baocheng Yang, and Zhihong Li are thinking about purchasing. They discovered several issues: workers' wages had gone unpaid for months, payroll taxes were years in arrears, one of the company's most profitable production lines had been "rented out." Not only were local competitors using its technology, some were producing the same capacitors under the China Star brand. Then there were the production lines that lacked raw materials and the huge unexplained power bill. But the political brass in the region was eager to see new owners purchase the factory with intent to manufacture and would provide the necessary permits and support to get started. Should the group buy it?

With a cross-disciplinary perspective, this field-based case series uses the purchase of a manufacturing company based in China to set the stage for an analysis of cost accounting, operational effectiveness, and cross-cultural communication. It offers a discussion about the strategy to purchase a Chinese firm to enter a promising business line for the Chinese market and provides an opportunity to introduce basic accounting, management communication, and operational terms that can be explored in following classes. The material includes an overview of a partnership between a Westerner and two Chinese executives, the issues they discovered through due diligence, plans to break into a new market, and their efforts to communicate lean manufacturing principles in another language and culture. If possible, inviting colleagues from accounting, communications, or operations to jointly teach the class enriches the discussion and provides an integrated learning experience. The B case adds a twist. After the purchase, following a 90-day stabilization period, an optimization plan, a strategic review, and a purchase of land to build a larger operation, the leadership team was finalizing plans to drop two production lines and invest in supercapacitor production. At that point, a key air conditioner customer asked to meet with the team, seeking to double its capacity to meet market demand-which would entail ordering at least triple the number of capacitors China Star was then producing. There was only one problem: the requested product would be a line slated for elimination. Did it make sense to ramp up a line China Star had planned to de-emphasize?

The operations of BHP Billiton Limited (BHP), the world's largest natural-resources company, spanned the globe with the heaviest concentrations in Asia and Europe. BHP launched a $130 per-share bid for Potash Corporation Inc. (POT) of Saskatchewan, Canada, the world's largest integrated fertilizer and related industrial and feed products company and the largest producer of potash worldwide by capacity. The acquisition was aimed at meeting BHP's corporate strategy of becoming a leading global miner of potash. But the offer was d flatly refused by the board and management of POT. Rejection of the initial offer did not dissuade BHP management from commencing the offer through newspaper advertisements beginning on August 20, 2010 and the offer remained open for acceptance until 11:59 p.m. on October 19, 2010. The offer, however, was not subject to how the deal would be financed by BHP. Student can learn how BHP planned to finance the takeover.