Rapid changes in technology-including advances in augmented and artificial intelligence, machine learning, and mobile-are paving the way for significant changes not only in the channels through which education is delivered but in how education itself is structured. This article identifies eight ways in which education technology can change how learning is facilitated and who will facilitate that learning. Basic economic principles then provide a framework for thinking about how these changes will be embedded over time as education increasingly becomes a durable good providing increasing returns through network effects.

Innovation is as important in services as it is in manufacturing. However, competing on innovation in services demands a different organizational approach. Relative to innovation in manufacturing, innovation in services has five distinctive characteristics--it is: distributed throughout the organization; fluid, that is, more continuous than discrete; broadly relevant to hiring and promotion decisions; influenced by reward systems and culture at the firm-wide level; and enabled by leadership. The foundations--both cultural and structural--for competing on innovation in services must operate pervasively throughout the organization. Examines innovation in investment banking and discusses its implications for competing on innovation in other service industries.