On 11 September 2001, Edwin Lee, a young investment banker from Hong Kong, survived the World Trade Centre attacks in New York City. His office in lower Manhattan, however, and his prestigious job with Credit Suisse were lost as a result of the tragedy. Jobless, Lee decided to take a chance and use his personal savings to start HKBI, Hong Kong's first business brokerage. In the six years that followed, the business went through different stages ultimately establishing itself as Hong Kong's prime business brokerage for small enterprises with a 61% market share and revenues exceeding HK$68m. For 2008, Lee expected revenues to exceed HK$84m. To reach this target he had launched a number of new initiatives including a deal with a local bank to provide prospective buyers with financing. Would Lee be able to grow HKBI at the desired rate?

This case illustrates the evolving structure of the airline industry in Europe and the competitive determinants in the industry. This case initially outlines the context of the airline industry prior to deregulation. The industry's evolution subsequent to deregulation is then examined. We examine the competition between incumbents and new entrants and the arrival of low-cost airlines into the industry structure. The case illustrates incumbents' differing responses to the change in the industry's structure and the evolvement of new customer segments. The case further illustrates the differing competitive requirements as the structure changes in the period between 1993 to 2000 and beyond, and the incumbents' and entrants' choices as the basis of competition changes in the industry. Incumbents' and entrants' competitive positioning and the changes in positioning are also examined. Finally, the case also illustrates the possible new business models and their link to competitive positioning and industry structure. This case is placed in the years 1993 to 2000 when the deregulation unfolded in the industry bringing in significant and substantial changes to the industry's structure.

In November 2005, Microsoft launched Xbox 360, its latest game console. It was an extraordinary event, not because of the glamorous business executives and journalists hanging around the event, the super cool festival mood soaking the Mojave Desert, or the graphic technologies dazzling the giant consoles surrounding the conference room. Rather, the air was filled with a mix of trepidation and excitement about the viability of the company's new strategy of moving beyond Windows-based PCs. Everybody in the room wondered whether the company could regain its past glory by entering new territories. What opportunities and challenges, they wondered, awaited the company in markets in which it did not have proprietary advantage? What specific strategies did it have to adopt to capitalize on the opportunities and counter the challenges? How best could Microsoft execute its diversification strategy?

In mid-February 2006, Christopher Smith, a U.S. Republican Congressman, proposed the Global Online Freedom Act, draft legislation that would prohibit U.S.-listed Internet companies from complying with the demands of Internet censorship and the requirement to disclose the personal information of Internet users imposed by the People's Republic of China. These U.S.-listed Internet companies include hardware and/or software vendors and search services providers that enable millions of businesses and individuals to operate on the Internet. The bill was introduced following a congressional hearing in Washington, D.C. called in February 2006, after a number of American Internet companies were found to be participating in the repression of human rights in China. Looks at the dilemma facing multinational firms: how to comply with local laws while at the same time trying to be socially responsible.

In face of globalization, outsourcing, changing regulations, and rapid technological innovations, companies in the 2000s were increasingly challenged to devise and implement adaptable business models. This entailed putting in place enterprise applications that were open-source, simple to implement, and easy to integrate within and without the organizational bounds. Because traditional enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems were generally complex, proprietary, and difficult to install, ERP systems providers had to reposition themselves strategically. SAP, the leading company in this space, faced this challenge by transforming itself from a closed-source software developer to an open-source software integrator. By opening up its proprietary software products as an open development and integration platform, SAP allowed its customers to modify their ERPs to suit their specific needs. This new strategy, however, would fundamentally affect the company's business architecture. In other words, SAP had to rethink how it would define its value proposition, identify and target its customers, deploy its resources, configure its business processes, manage its alliances, and develop and maintain its profit and growth engines. How could the company pull off this repositioning initiative? Would it be able to attract the global army of independent developers in supporting its new software platform strategy? How would the ongoing consolidation in the software industry affect the Company's new strategy? How would the main competitors such as Oracle, IBM, Microsoft, and a host of companies emerging in India react?

In the late 1990s, IBM successfully moved up the value chain and became one of the largest business and information technology (IT) solution providers in the world. To achieve such a transformation, the company made a number of strategic moves to reduce its exposure in the commoditization of IT hardware manufacturing. A key success factor was the creation of IBM Global Services and its venture into the high-margin management consulting and technology services industries. Moreover, IBM orchestrated a series of strategic acquisitions, sold ailing business units, and outsourced low-value-added manufacturing to external contractors and joint venture partners. In 2002, with the success of its business model and the introduction of new computing architecture, IBM made a high-profile announcement about its new corporate strategy centered on the concept of "on demand business." Nonetheless, followed by disappointing financial results in the first quarter of 2005, IBM's stock price plummeted and hit the lowest point since Sam Palmisano took over as CEO in March 2002. The company announced a massive restructuring in its European operations to be carried out in late 2005. Although the second quarter results had improved, some began to doubt whether the "on demand" strategy would deliver the promised results. More specifically, many started to question why and how such a strategy was justified in the first place. What difficulties would the company encounter in implementing its new corporate strategy?

The Asian Newly Industrialised Economies (ANIEs)--Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong--have become masters and creators of advanced technologies despite various economic challenges since the 1980s. Fast becoming the next global economic power, it is speculated that China will be the next innovation powerhouse. Analyzes and compares the current innovation strategies of China and the ANIEs and determines the possibility of China repeating the ANIEs' success in technological innovation.