The case describes how Uber, the mobile ride hailing service provider, made an entry into China in July 2014 and, after facing stiff competition from local players, was forced to sell its stake and exit the country two years later. Prior to Uber's entry, China's major players, Didi and Kuaidi, had been competing fiercely to attract both riders and drivers by offering steep discounts and subsidies. To compete with the two local players, Uber established a strategic partnership with Baidu, one of China's largest Internet companies. Shortly after, Didi and Kuaidi merged to form a formidable, monopolistic competitor against Uber, controlling almost 95% of the ride hailing business. Uber's future in China appeared bleak. It had been losing over US$1 billion a year in China since its entry into the market. Faced with such stiff competition and recurring loses, Uber sold its stake and exited China in August 2016. Now Travis Kalanick, CEO of Uber, would have to assess what went wrong, what could have been done differently, and what should be the next steps for expanding and increasing Uber's market share in Asia.

The case is set in June 2014, when Lau Wing Chew, Chief Transformation Officer (CTO) at Alexandra Health System (AHS) in Singapore was highlighting the achievements of the data analytics initiative made by the Health Analytics Unit (HAU) at AHS to his management team. Although the initiative was still in its initial stage, multiple medical and administrative areas had been improved with the help of data analytics. The journey to develop the data analytics initiative had commenced in 2011, when Lau reviewed a set of data presented by the Accident & Emergency (A&E) Department, and realised that non-emergency cases at A&E were taking up too much of hospital resources. He also noted other pressing resource-related issues, such as acute bed shortages and patients not showing up for their appointments at specialist outpatient clinics, causing a sub-optimal utilisation of critical resources like doctors and appointment rooms. Lau knew that given the right metrics, predictive analytics could improve the situation. In the following three years, the HAU had leveraged the capabilities of data analytics to roll out initiatives such as population health and ageing-in-place programmes, and implementing solutions into patient medical billing and operating theatre dashboards. Although these unremitting efforts were showing results, the challenges ahead were significant. The HAU team not only needed to get buy-in at an operational level with different business units, but also needed to increase health awareness in patients. How could AHS improve the data analytics initiative further, and plan its resources optimally? Students will gain an understanding of the critical success factors and challenges faced during the implementation of analytics projects, as well as learn how to operationalize such a project within an organisation.

Back in early 2013, Jimmy Ng, the new head of Group Audit at DBS received an urgent call from Kelvin Lam, Country Head of Taiwan Audit, requesting an increase in Taiwan's audit headcount by ten for mandatory audits required by the Financial Supervisory Commission in Taiwan. However, Ng was very sensitive about allocating more headcount to Taiwan, especially for compliance activities that consumed extensive resources. As DBS Taiwan had grown to 43 branches, the volume of mandatory audits kept increasing for the bank - all of its branches, business and support units were subject to two mandatory audits per year. In view of the cumbersome audit work and the serious consequence of compliance failure, Ng understood that providing more headcount would be of no help in the long run. A fundamental business strategy was required to rethink the auditing process to make it less volume sensitive. By the end of 2014, the implementation of new business processes proved to be very successful, and Ng and the audit team at DBS Taiwan could heave a sigh of relief.

China's digital market is on the rise at an exceptional pace, and giant digital players, such as Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent, have already surpassed some of the U.S. industry's most successful names in terms of market capitalisation. When competing in China's digital market, local Chinese digital players have an advantage over foreign newcomers as access to this market is restricted, and some international digital and social platforms are banned in China due to Internet censorship. However, while the hurdles created by censorship might have opened the gates for local companies to imitate Western innovations without international rivals - the internal competition within China is never easy. Chinese digital companies have to face tough local competition to win users and maintain a high retention rate. This requires them to constantly innovate and improve their products and services to stay ahead of the competition, which vigorously accelerates the development of China's digital markets. The question to ask is: Are Chinese digital companies merely imitating their Western counterparts, or are they also innovating?

The case is set in January 2014 and reveals the data analytics initiatives at DBS Group Audit. Group Audit was used to assess the riskiness of the bank's branches based on seven attributes derived from the auditors' collective wisdom. The results could sometimes be misleading and inaccurate. To revamp this process, a machine-learning predictive modelling technique was introduced, and successfully correlated more than 130 risk-related attributes. In February 2014, DBS Group Audit and A*STAR's Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) reached an agreement to set up a joint lab, leveraging the research institute's capabilities in developing innovative products and services. The outputs of data analytics are displayed in three forms. First, the heat map reveals the risk level of all branches in Singapore from a birds-eye perspective. Second, complaint analysis helps to identify customer needs more accurately, reducing the level of complaint. Third, cash discrepancy and headcount issues are reflected on the outcome page as a sudden jump in the graph. With these techniques, the auditors were expected to save man-hours and process the auditing work more effectively and efficiently by being responsive to changing risk profiles on a timely basis. The application of data analytics on risk profiling practices at DBS Group Audit is an anchor point for the bank's vision of being predictive in risks. The bank is motivated to bring this data analytics initiative to other areas as well.

Henry Wu, the Programme Director of the Transformation Office at Alexandra Health System (AHS), conferred with his team on the status of the Population Health programme, a joint initiative between AHS and Singapore's Ministry of Health (MOH), in May 2015. The programme sought to increase health awareness and encourage a targeted population of the island city-state's residents to make positive lifestyle changes. The centrepiece of the programme is a systematic effort to attract residents to voluntary screening events to assess their health and lifestyle habits. The programme also provides a clear path co-developed by residents, community nurses and intervention specialists for unhealthy or high-risk residents to seek medical treatment or participate in lifestyle intervention programmes. The most critical outcome would be encouraging them to take appropriate follow-up actions and be able to measure their habits and behaviour. In the longer term, the Population Health team faces the task of scaling up the program from an initial target population of 16,000 residents to cover the entire population of 220,000 residents over the age of 40 in the north of Singapore. The stakes are high for Singapore's healthcare system and in particular for AHS, a healthcare cluster in the north that manages Khoo Teck Puat Hospital (KTPH). KTPH has only been open for less than five years and is already experiencing serious capacity constraints. Most incoming patients are residents over the age of 50 who suffer from chronic diseases. Doctors and hospital administrators believe that a population health programme targeting people over the age of 40 could mitigate hospital resource strain by averting chronic diseases before symptoms became more acute as people age. By encouraging middle-aged residents to live healthier and more active lives, the anticipated rise in healthcare demand (and associated costs) for the next generation of elderly Singaporeans could be stabilised.