Facing declining revenues, huge fixed costs, bloated employee unions, an inflexible regulatory environment and a generation of millennials that virtually never used its products, the United States Postal Service (USPS) was looking for help. Accordingly, it had hired several advisors who all came from entrepreneurial backgrounds. Their mandate was clear: challenge the status quo, help to frame the magnitude of the disruption that the USPS was facing, identify opportunities for the USPS to enter new markets for new sources of revenue, and develop a solution immediately. Was an entrepreneurial approach likely to be successful? Or would this approach only involve niche ideas that would not produce significant results? Many other developed countries were facing the same disruption; were there lessons to be learned from these other postal services? The advisors gathered together in a small office and settled into a task that, at first blush, seemed impossible.
How should organizations balance pressures to decrease short-term costs at the expense of long-term profitability? How "long" is the long-term? What is the cost of innovation? These are the questions that CEO Mary Barra must face when leading General Motors (GM) into the 21st century. GM became the world's first mass-produced electric vehicle retailer when it released the "EV1" in 1996. However, GM canceled the program in 2002, citing high costs, a limited market for electric vehicles, and the lack of technology available to make high-performance vehicles. The emergence of Tesla Motors in 2006 and its exponential growth in the electric vehicle market has proven otherwise. Ironically, Tesla Motors began with the same technology that GM already had access to with only a fraction of GM's resources. The rapid rise of Tesla Motors in the electric vehicle market and the subsequent bankruptcy of GM suggest that GM made the wrong decision to abort its electric vehicle program in 2002. However, it is unclear how GM should proceed. In 2015, the company will launch its first all electric vehicle since the EV1, the Chevrolet Spark. To what extent should GM enter the electric vehicle sector? Tesla Motors is already scheduled to release a more affordable car in the next two years and has been proving its autonomous driving technology. Other automobile manufacturers have also released all-electric vehicles, including BMW, Nissan, Ford and Toyota. Hydrogen fuel cell technology is also on the rise and may be a promising alternative to electric vehicles. Lastly, the Asian markets are leading the demand for automobiles. Place yourself in the shoes of Mary Barra. What should GM's strategy be in order to regain its stature as the world's leading automobile manufacturer? Learning objectives: When organizations are first established, their success largely depends on their value proposition and unique offering to the market as they achieve their vision. But then what? Often times, large or
This case looks at a new start-up company, d.light Design, as it was seeking to go to market in India with its solar-powered LED lamps in 2009. Sam Goldman, founder and chief customer officer of d.light, was in New Delhi, India; his business-school friend and co-founder Ned Tozun was in China, the site of the company's manufacturing plant. One of the key decisions Goldman and Tozun needed to make was whether d.light should focus on just one distribution channel in India, or multiple channels. The startup had limited capital, so it needed to get the distribution question right to generate revenue quickly. The case thus combines an entrepreneurial problem with an emerging-market, or bottom-of-the-pyramid, channel design challenge. This case does not focus on product design or manufacturing challenges but rather on questions of: The constraints d.light faced in creating an aligned distribution channel. These constraints can have legal, environmental, and/or managerial foundations; Demand-side misalignments in the channel structure that will occur if d.light chooses one or another of the considered channels in the case, namely, (a) the RE (rural entrepreneur) channel, (b) the village retailer channel, or (c) the centralized shops channel; What mix of channels―or what single channel―d.light should focus on in the Indian market; The financial return possible based on d.light's current cost structure and overhead expenditures in India.
This article introduces ten high quality resources that can aid in this process of incorporating sustainability into a business school's curriculum. The focus in the article is on resources that cut across business disciplines and exist outside of the discipline-specific places faculty members often look. These resources provide access to sustainability-focused content and cases as well as sustainability-focused course modules and syllabi that have been used at other universities.
The case presents a decision facing a tour guide organization in Tortuguero, Costa Rica regarding environmental sustainability and social equity. Tortuguero was situated on a spit of land, isolated from the rest of the country due to the ocean, rivers, and a protected national park. It was inaccessible by road. Tortuguero was home to the most prolific nesting beach for giant sea turtles in the Atlantic. Turtle-based tourism was the basis of the tiny village's economy. Daryl Loth, President of the Tortuguero Tour Guide Association (TGA), had to oversee a meeting of the TGA, a self-organized group of local tour guides in the village. The TGA had collected a fee of about 40 US cents from each tourist taking a turtle tour and was going to choose one of three proposals for spending its $30K of revenues from the past two years. Community members were permitted to comment at TGA meetings, and some had argued that spending money on a road to Tortuguero would launch an increase in tourists; accessibility to health care, higher education, and lower priced goods and services; and hence, an increase in prosperity and their constitutional right to social equity. Some TGA members believed that an increase in tourists would lead to more business for them and the village businesses, plus greater awareness for the plight of the endangered green sea turtles. Others believed the lack of convenient access to the village was one reason they had been able to protect the turtles and attract new and repeat tourists. This case stimulates discussion of the following questions: What effects would the decision have on the community, the turtles, and the sustainability of ecotourism in Tortuguero in the short and longer term? Should environmental sustainability take precedence over social equity and ready access to medical care, university education, and lower prices for staple goods? What is the ethical choice?
Facing declining revenues, huge fixed costs, bloated employee unions, an inflexible regulatory environment and a generation of millennials that virtually never used its products, the United States Postal Service (USPS) was looking for help. Accordingly, it had hired several advisors who all came from entrepreneurial backgrounds. Their mandate was clear: challenge the status quo, help to frame the magnitude of the disruption that the USPS was facing, identify opportunities for the USPS to enter new markets for new sources of revenue, and develop a solution immediately. Was an entrepreneurial approach likely to be successful? Or would this approach only involve niche ideas that would not produce significant results? Many other developed countries were facing the same disruption; were there lessons to be learned from these other postal services? The advisors gathered together in a small office and settled into a task that, at first blush, seemed impossible.
An Amazon stockholder wants to decide the long/short positions for several put options that would result in the lowest risk at the best possible return on her stocks. In particular, she is looking to generate as much return as the status quo strategy where no put options are used.
The newly appointed director of Innovation Management & Strategy at Boehringer Ingelheim, a German-based multinational pharmaceutical company, is finding his way forward in his firm's new, first-of-its-kind role, which is central to the company's growth rejuvenation strategy. His job has a threefold mandate: to build internal networks, to establish internal structures and to leverage internal ideas. His biggest challenge, however, may be transforming the organization's DNA. The blockbuster business model that has characterized the company for decades is no longer appropriate. Instead, the firm needs to develop healthcare products available to end users over the counter. This shift in strategy requires innovative changes in distribution, delivery and customer focus. To accomplish this goal, he needs to institutionalize innovation so that it becomes sustainable. But in doing so, he must also identify the metrics for assessing progress. The case provides an opportunity for students to step into the shoes of an innovation leader, to develop an innovation roadmap for the organization in the face of uncertainty and to understand how to engage in innovation leadership at various levels of a global enterprise.
In 2014, an Amazon stockholder wants to decide the long/short positions for several put options that would result in the lowest risk at the best possible return on her stocks. In particular, she is looking to generate as much return as the status quo strategy where no put options are used.
The newly appointed director of Innovation Management & Strategy at Boehringer Ingelheim, a German-based multinational pharmaceutical company, is finding his way forward in his firm’s new, first-of-its-kind role, which is central to the company’s growth rejuvenation strategy. His job has a threefold mandate: to build internal networks, to establish internal structures and to leverage internal ideas. His biggest challenge, however, may be transforming the organization’s DNA. The blockbuster business model that has characterized the company for decades is no longer appropriate. Instead, the firm needs to develop healthcare products available to end users over the counter. This shift in strategy requires innovative changes in distribution, delivery and customer focus. To accomplish this goal, he needs to institutionalize innovation so that it becomes sustainable. But in doing so, he must also identify the metrics for assessing progress. The case provides an opportunity for students to step into the shoes of an innovation leader, to develop an innovation roadmap for the organization in the face of uncertainty and to understand how to engage in innovation leadership at various levels of a global enterprise.
In March of 2011, Northrop Grumman divested shipbuilding assets through the spin-off of Huntington Ingalls Industries. This case reviews many of the key questions faced by Northrop's CEO, CFO, and top management team during this process, including questions concerning whether to sell or spin-off the assets; how to handle customers, employees, and investors during the restructuring; and how to reorganize a diversified business to increase the performance of its parts.
A Danish bakery chain that was acquired by a private equity firm in 2008, and has grown from 3 to 31 stores, plans to address reoccurring operational and organizational issues before growing further.
Marie Trellu-Kane is trying to decide how Unis-Cite should respond to French President Jacques Chirac's announcement in 2005 of a new national voluntary civil service program. Since 1994, Trellu-Kane and her co-founders had been creating and overseeing a civil service program called Unis-Cite, in which youth, particularly from the disadvantaged immigrant population, volunteered nine months of their time to work on community projects. Based in Paris, France, Unis-Cite had begun to expand to other areas. With the announcement that the government would provide funding to mobilize thousands of youth volunteers, Trellu-Kane needed to decide how Unis-Cite would proceed.
Chrysler recently exited from the bankruptcy process, with U.S. government support and with Sergio Marchionne as CEO. Now was the time to work out how to create synergies with FIAT, how to improve the current manufacturing, product, and distribution-network configuration, and how to define the future product portfolio to compete over the long term. In 2004, Marchionne was appointed CEO of FIAT Group, headquartered in Turin, Italy, when the company had faced a near-hopeless crisis. He performed an extreme makeover and turned the company around. In 2008 the entire global automotive industry had entered a deep crisis; in response FIAT and Chrysler had forged a partnership, and Marchionne now found himself in the same situation again.
The case describes a program that CVS Health recently implemented to improve medication adherence, an important problem from societal, public policy, and firm perspectives. A test of the program, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars to implement, increased the proportion of adherent customers by 1.4 percentage points. Students are asked to quantify the system-wide economic benefit of this improvement and draw upon insights from behavioral science to examine approaches for boosting medication adherence.