More and more tech-oriented start-ups are using "negative working capital"--cash received from customers in advance--to finance their businesses, freeing founders to focus on strategy instead of hustling for early investors. Five customer-funded business models that can work for any business in any industry.

Pretending not to notice race for fear of appearing prejudiced actually has the opposite effect--others will perceive you as more biased. Research documenting this effect suggests that smart companies will deal with the subject of race head-on and will recognize that "embracing diversity" means recognizing all races, including the majority one.

Companies have developed "mass customization" tools that allow customers to design their own products; and social media lets people get input from friends before finalizing their choices. Research demonstrates that feedback dampens creativity, reduces originality, and diminishes customer satisfaction. Markets should use caution when incorporating sharing features into mass customization products and should be on the lookout for negative effects.

Everyone gets better with a little coaching. But new research from a professor at Kansas State shows that silent coaches get significantly greater improvements than coaches who spout constant encouragement.

The global ambassador for Opportunity International--and a former CEO of Hewlett-Packard--writes that even among the most developed economies, national GDP could be increased by as much as 16% by closing the gender gap in economic participation.

The CEO of Kaiser Permanente writes that instilling a foundational culture of continuous improvement is the only way to unify an organization as large and diverse as his. People must understand how small improvements add up to big differences; they must love improving; and they must have confidence in their colleagues.

"Showrooming"--a phenomenon whereby shoppers visit stores to examine merchandise in person before buying the items online--is viewed as a huge threat to brick-and-mortar retailing. But instead of feeling threatened by showrooming, retailers should study their customers' paths to purchase and use the insights gained to hone their online marketing efforts. This Vision Statement illustrates the typical paths by which Pinterest users use the web to make purchases.

This note introduces calculation and interpretation of basic financial analysis, including common size income statements and financial ratios. It emphasizes linkages between financial results and operating strategy. It uses financial results for Starbucks Corporation for fiscal 2010 through 2012 to provide context for financial analysis interpretation. Starbucks' global presence and widely familiar business model make it a particularly helpful vehicle for illustrating interpretation of financial analysis. In addition to profitability ratios, asset management ratios, and financial leverage ratios, DuPont analysis of return on equity (ROE) is introduced to illustrate how profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage come together to measure ability to generate return to shareholders. This note does not draw definitive conclusions about whether Starbucks is effectively managed, but it illustrates how Starbucks' operating strategy is reflected in its financial results. It demonstrates that financial results tell an intuitive story about a firm's business model and operating strategy. This note assumes a working knowledge of income statements and balance sheets. Its intended audience is non-financial managers in an executive program wishing to understand how their operating decisions affect corporate-level financial performance. It also is useful for MBA students in a core finance or accounting course.

This case series profiles the leadership transition of a rising executive at global corporation. In the A case Deborah DiSanzo is asked to take on a new assignment within Philips Medical Systems as general manager of the patient monitoring business, a highly profitable but low growth unit, and to leave behind the high growth cardiac resuscitation business where she has been an entrepreneurial leader. The challenge for DiSanzo in her new role is to create a vision for growth in an organization that has seen high turnover, has an entrenched senior team, and has already tasted high success. The case chronicles the ways in which DiSanzo re-aligns the organization around a new shared vision, provides insights into how to effectively navigate as a new leader, and how to drive organizational change and renewal. The brief B case shows the business unit is successfully growing, and in the process creating greater complexity. DiSanzo is faced anew with the challenge of mobilizing her larger team and keeping the excitement of her hard-earned vision tangible. Courses in which this case can be used include Strategy Implementation, Change Management, and Organizational Behavior and the case is suitable for use in both graduate and executive education contexts.

This case series profiles the leadership transition of a rising executive at global corporation. In the A case Deborah DiSanzo is asked to take on a new assignment within Philips Medical Systems as general manager of the patient monitoring business, a highly profitable but low growth unit, and to leave behind the high growth cardiac resuscitation business where she has been an entrepreneurial leader. The challenge for DiSanzo in her new role is to create a vision for growth in an organization that has seen high turnover, has an entrenched senior team, and has already tasted high success. The case chronicles the ways in which DiSanzo re-aligns the organization around a new shared vision, provides insights into how to effectively navigate as a new leader, and how to drive organizational change and renewal. The brief B case shows the business unit is successfully growing, and in the process creating greater complexity. DiSanzo is faced anew with the challenge of mobilizing her larger team and keeping the excitement of her hard-earned vision tangible. Courses in which this case can be used include Strategy Implementation, Change Management, and Organizational Behavior and the case is suitable for use in both graduate and executive education contexts.

ITC's hotel division successfully implemented several structure and process-oriented drivers of sustainability by leveraging its dominant position among India's luxury hotels, financial might and overall group commitment to sustainability. These design restructuring efforts resulted in eight of ITC's luxury hotels being awarded LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Platinum ratings, making the ITC Hotel chain the 'greenest luxury hotel chain in the world'. The case provides an overview of the process that ITC Hotels adopted for designing luxury responsibly. It also describes the various challenges and issues that contributed to the management's decision to retrofit eight existing properties and launch ITC Gardenia along LEED guidelines to attain Platinum ratings. The case is set against the backdrop of a meeting at which Nakul Anand, Executive Director, ITC Limited , and his top management team are discussing the possibility of retrofitting eight of ITC's existing luxury hotels along LEED Platinum rating parameters. In order to make ITC Hotels the world's greenest luxury hotel chain, they know that not only will they have to design their future properties along LEED guidelines to attain Platinum ratings, but will also have to remodel the structural design, systems and processes at their other luxury brand hotels in India. Since the 1980s, ITC Hotels had tailored their service and product offerings around environmental concerns such as water recycling, energy conservation and waste management. However, these efforts had to be significantly scaled up to meet the strict standards of LEED. This scale-up involved significant costs, operational redesign and revamping of the organizational culture. Given these challenges, Anand and his team are faced with the question: Should they or should they not retrofit the existing properties?

Microcredit made a dramatic entry into the banking lexicon when Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus ushered in a new era of social banking with his Grameen Bank. BASIX, the Indian replicator of the Nobel laureate's ideology, (albeit with a different methodology of livelihood promotion), had established itself as an effective microfinance institution (MFI) in India. It had successfully convinced the government of the need for, and feasibility of, setting up financial institutions such as "local banks" in rural areas to mobilize rural savings and provide meaningful livelihoods for the poor, especially women. KBSLAB, a local bank established by BASIX, had performed very well initially, but had reached a critical juncture in its journey in 2011. The Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) guidelines were similar for the commercial banks and the Local Area Banks in many aspects like the statutory liquidity ratio and the cash reserve ratio requirements. But the geographical restrictions on the local area banks were making it difficult to expand and meet the compliance and monitoring mechanisms. The case looks at the journey of this unique microfinance banking institution over a decade of its existence and contemplates its future. It raises questions about what actually plagues local area banks in general and KBS in particular, the justifiability of the RBI guidelines and the viability of microcredit banks in the future.

The takeover of Bombay Suburban Electric Supply Ltd (BSES) in 2003 (eventually renamed Reliance Energy) marked the foray of Reliance Industries Ltd into the power transmission and distribution business. The power sector, plagued by bureaucratic controls and constraints on supply and demand, offered little managerial discretion to alter the traditional drivers of growth and profitability. The case illustrates how Reliance Energy leveraged technology to transform its strategy and operations in order to establish international standards of operational excellence and customer service in the Indian power sector. Students learn about the significant risks in technology-driven transformations and their critical success factors, such as complementary changes in firm structures and business processes. The case is set in 2008, when the Chief Information Officer (CIO) of Reliance Energy is found dwelling over the digital transformation of the company that has led to the decision to spin off the information technology (IT) department into a third-party technology solutions provider for the infrastructure sector. Was the digital transformation of the company a success? What were the lessons learnt from this transformation?

The case deals with Gilead Sciences, a bio-pharmaceutical company with several FDA approved HIV/AIDS drugs. In 2006, the company launched the Gilead Access Program to enhance access to HIV/AIDS drugs in developing countries. In India, which also happened to be the largest producer of generic drugs, Gilead signed a voluntary licensing agreement for its drug, Viread, with 13 companies. By 2011, Mylan (previously known as Matrix Laboratories), one of the 13 Indian companies, had emerged as the leading supplier for Viread, with two-thirds of the global market. In order to accelerate its market reach, Gilead wanted to expand the scope of the agreement with four major Indian companies, including Mylan. Gregg Alton, Executive Vice President for Corporate and Medical Affairs, had to decide how he would convince his partners to come on board and how to execute the agreement.

The case traces the journey of an Indian pharmaceutical firm, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, which had traditionally focused on generic drugs, into the area of discovery research. After India entered the global product patent system with the signing of the WTO TRIPs agreement in 1994, a number of Indian companies sought to move into discovery research. Glenmark invested heavily in developing its capabilities to undertake high-risk pharmaceutical research, and within three years developed several promising molecules. The company signed out-licensing agreements for the molecules with international companies two agreements with U.S.-based Eli Lilly and Company and one each with U.S.-based Forest Laboratories and Germany-based Merck KGaA. The case takes students back to 2008, one of the most critical periods in the company's evolution. Three of Glenmark's four drug development projects have failed and the fourth is showing signs of failure. The company's stock price has plummeted and the management is under pressure from financial analysts to drop discovery research and focus on what they had always done best generics. The case puts participants in the chair of Glenmark's CEO Glenn Saldanha, who must, amid the building pressure and resource constraints on the company, develop a future plan of action for its R&D. To be or not to be the innovation company? That is the question before Saldanha and the class.

The case traces the journey of an Indian pharmaceutical firm, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, which had traditionally focused on generic drugs, into the area of discovery research. After India entered the global product patent system with the signing of the WTO TRIPs agreement in 1994, a number of Indian companies sought to move into discovery research. Glenmark invested heavily in developing its capabilities to undertake high-risk pharmaceutical research, and within three years, developed several promising molecules. The company signed out-licensing agreements for the molecules with international companies two agreements with U.S.-based Eli Lilly and Company and one each with U.S.-based Forest Laboratories and Germany-based Merck KGaA. The case takes students back to 2008, one of the most critical periods in the company's evolution. Three of Glenmark's four drug development projects have failed and the fourth is showing signs of failure. The company's stock price has plummeted and the management is under pressure from financial analysts to drop discovery research and focus on what they had always done best generics. The case puts participants in the chair of Glenmark's CEO Glenn Saldanha, who must, amid the building pressure and resource constraints on the company, develop a future plan of action for its R&D. To be or not to be the innovation company? That is the question before Saldanha, and the class.

The case describes the growth of Coupa, a software as a service platform for procurement / expense management. The issues in the case are around how fast to grow and how to finance that growth. The case includes a detailed financial model that will help students analyze the impact of hiring additional sales people and the consequent impact on sales and profits.