Micro and small businesses were considered the lifeblood and backbone of the economy, but financing difficulties impeded their ability to survive, grow, and thrive. Micro Connect was founded in 2021 to connect micro and small businesses in China with global investors. At the core of its business model was the distinctive system of daily revenue contracts (DRCs) whereby an invested store shared an agreed percentage of its revenue on a daily basis with Micro Connect in exchange for the up-front lump-sum capital investment. As a super connector, Micro Connect identified sustainable sources of global capital to channel into micro and small businesses in China. The Micro Connect Exchange would provide a platform where micro and small businesses could capitalize on their revenue streams by listing their DRCs, and investors could deploy their capital efficiently by leveraging liquidity and price discovery. Charles Li and Gary Zhang, the two founders of Micro Connect, were considering further steps they should take to meet the enormous financing demand from micro and small businesses in China and attract more global investors to the Micro Connect Fund and the Micro Connect Exchange.
On Wednesday 15 September 2021, about 100 On team members were going to jog to the NYSE to mark the running shoe brand's first day as a publicly traded company. One of few unicorns in Switzerland, On had been founded in January 2010 by running enthusiasts David Allemann and Caspar Coppetti, together with former professional athlete Olivier Bernhard. It was one of the fastest-growing global sports brands. In a decade, On had grown from a small start-up, operating out of an old church, to a multinational company employing almost 900 people. It was known across the world, not least thanks to tennis star Roger Federer, who had joined On as an investor and partner. Culture, or "spirit" as it was called at On, was particularly important for the running shoe company. The origin story of On defined the company and was still deeply reflected in present and future aspirations. It had all started with a crazy idea to glue pieces of garden hose to an old sneaker. The highly entrepreneurial mindset - referred to as "explorer spirit" - permeated the company's DNA and was one of the key reasons for its success. The five partners believed it was crucial to maintain that spirit as the organization grew. By going public, the company aimed to secure funding for further global expansion. The funds raised would give the company the resources it needed to fulfil its dreams and help it reach the size required to play in the big league and compete with global players like Nike or Asics. The IPO was a major milestone for On but being a public company would also come with new obligations and increased expectations, from both the public and shareholders. The five partners were aware of the potential risk this represented to the company's culture.
When one of On's co-founders stepped into the elevator at the brand new On Labs headquarters in Zurich, a fellow co-worker asked whether it was also his first day at On. He was speechless. Less than a decade earlier, the 5 partners regularly went for lunch runs with some of the other 30 team members. And now in April 2023, On was a publicly listed multinational company with more than 1,800 employees, some of whom did not know or recognize the founders. This was disconcerting and the five partners reflected on the recent developments. The IPO in 2021 had been a great success and the company had been able to raise $746 million. The funds raised allowed On to further accelerate its growth, and the company had recently passed the CHF 1 billion revenue mark. During the pandemic, 500 new employees had joined the company. To accommodate the growing workforce, a new campus for product development, design and innovation - On Labs, with office space for 1,000 employees - was created in Zurich. After a period of exponential growth, and a number of employees being hired annually - some of them from On's close competitors - the company was facing new pressures and felt at a crossroads. Although the IPO had had a limited impact on the company culture so far, the partners wondered whether the continued dramatic growth would affect the company culture. Were they going to be able to retain their unique culture and keep it from being diluted, while continuing to grow to achieve their mission? The three founders had a unique opportunity to rethink their role and how they could best contribute to On's future success.
In 2003, International Paper (IP) came under the leadership of new Chief Executive Officer John Faraci, a paper industry veteran who has spent his career in IP, across multiple functions and titles. The company had grown, organically and via acquisition, to be an international producer of kraft paper, coated paper and packaging, but hit a road block as growth had stagnated industry-wide. Faraci immediately launched a transformational campaign to turn the business around, even amid activist investors and other pressures.
Jake Becraft, a PhD student at MIT disillusioned in pursuit of his dreams of becoming an academic, serendipitously finds himself discussing the potential commercial applications of his work with Tasuku Kitada, his former postdoctoral research mentor. The two decide to alter the course of both of their lives, join forces, and begin down an entrepreneurial road to found Strand Therapeutics. The journey features the genesis of Becraft's ideas, the pursuit of those ideas, the path to entrepreneurship and the associated challenges, including many bumps, twists and turns along the way.
In the quarter ending March 2022, Apple Inc. (Apple)’s share in the Chinese smartphone market fell to 17.9 per cent from 21.7 per cent in the previous quarter. Business analysts attributed the falling share to weak consumer sentiments; a lack of innovations; and major supply-side headwinds, including frequent COVID-related lockdowns in China, power shortages, Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and the trade and technology war between the United States and China. Apple needed to identify strategies to gain a leading share in the Chinese market. In the face of demand- and supply-side adversities in China, it also needed to reconsider its supply chain and manufacturing base. Should Apple keep its supply chain concentrated in China, to reap the benefits arising from the economies of scale in the production process? Or should it pursue geographic diversification for its supply chain, to protect itself from the major problems hovering on the horizon?
The two-part case follows the story of Pav Gill, the whistleblower who helped uncover one of Europe's largest corporate frauds at Wirecard, the German fintech that went bankrupt in 2020. Founded in 1999, Wirecard grew from an inconspicuous company to a listed firm on the blue-chip DAX, Germany's main stock index in 2018. Wirecard's meteoric rise to fame was questioned by some but largely acclaimed by investors who knew little about its murky dealings beneath its successful façade. Part (A) begins in 2018 with Gill joining Wirecard's Singapore office as the Head of Legal for the Asia Pacific region. Within a few months, Gill discovered multiple instances of falsified accounts, forgery, back-dated invoices, round-tripping, and questionable hiring practices. Despite escalating the matter to the Munich headquarters, his efforts on speaking up for justice backfired. Even after he left Wirecard, he was stalked by strangers and sabotaged at job interviews. At that point, he had to decide if he should remain silent or expose the scandal, and if so, how. Part (B) describes the frustration of Sokhbir Kaur, Gill's mother, at Wirecard's harassment and threats to her son's life, before resorting to take matters into her own hands. She initiated contact with well-reputed journalists to expose the scandal-a move that stunned Gill. The Financial Times eventually interviewed them and published the story in January 2019, which spelled the beginning of the end for Wirecard.
The two-part case follows the story of Pav Gill, the whistleblower who helped uncover one of Europe's largest corporate frauds at Wirecard, the German fintech that went bankrupt in 2020. Founded in 1999, Wirecard grew from an inconspicuous company to a listed firm on the blue-chip DAX, Germany's main stock index in 2018. Wirecard's meteoric rise to fame was questioned by some but largely acclaimed by investors who knew little about its murky dealings beneath its successful façade. Part (A) begins in 2018 with Gill joining Wirecard's Singapore office as the Head of Legal for the Asia Pacific region. Within a few months, Gill discovered multiple instances of falsified accounts, forgery, back-dated invoices, round-tripping, and questionable hiring practices. Despite escalating the matter to the Munich headquarters, his efforts on speaking up for justice backfired. Even after he left Wirecard, he was stalked by strangers and sabotaged at job interviews. At that point, he had to decide if he should remain silent or expose the scandal, and if so, how. Part (B) describes the frustration of Sokhbir Kaur, Gill's mother, at Wirecard's harassment and threats to her son's life, before resorting to take matters into her own hands. She initiated contact with well-reputed journalists to expose the scandal-a move that stunned Gill. The Financial Times eventually interviewed them and published the story in January 2019, which spelled the beginning of the end for Wirecard.
Founded in 2015, WayCool, is an Indian agri-tech start-up that built a B2B operation acquiring fruits and vegetables from product-specific agriculture companies and small-holding farmers. It sold them to business customers, such as local retail stores, restaurants, and hotels. The B2B strategy leveraged transparency, hygienic practices, and faster material and information flow to increase farmer incomes and reduce food wastage. Next, to enhance its 'inch-wide, mile-deep' approach using technology, WayCool scaled its supply chain using six software solutions: farmer support, procurement, warehousing, distribution to B2B customers, and two retailer solutions. In 2022, it spun off its software applications as a wholly owned tech arm, Censa. WayCool evolved its mission to 'supporting 1% of the global food supply chain.' This growth was supported by funds of $161 million raised over five investment rounds. WayCool's strategy was operating multiple businesses, tackling all aspects of the supply chain, in a historically informal sector in an emerging market. But the founders had to consider the risks. Multiple business streams increased complexity, and the founders were often asked, was WayCool spreading itself too thin? To ensure sustained performance over the long term, should WayCool focus on building all its businesses or narrow its focus?
Unicorn human relationships startup Beamery evaluates it growth versus depth strategy as its strategic partners and customers could become future competitors in a quickly changing AI based human resources and talent management industry.
This case explores the common cash-flow challenges that start-up businesses face as they straddle the conflicting objectives of business growth and cash preservation. In August 2022, Alex French, the CEO and cofounder of Bizzy Coffee (Bizzy), an emerging business in the rapidly growing cold-brew coffee market, prepares for a meeting with potential investors. His preparation requires a diagnosis of why Bizzy is burning so much cash, a proposal for getting the business to positive cash flow, and an assessment of the amount of financing required to get there. Students complete these tasks and build an understanding of cash flow and its importance to business stakeholders. It is designed for use in the core finance curriculum at Darden as part of a module covering financial modeling and analysis.
In late 2022, E-Mart, South Korea's leading supermarket chain, had pulled out of major Asian markets such as China and Vietnam after experiencing poor performance, and the company planned to expand into the US market. In the Asian markets, E-Mart relied on a direct entry mode, but in the US it changed its mode of entry by acquiring local companies and planning to open new grocery brand stores. Although the US market has substantial growth opportunities due to its large size, it is not easy to succeed there because of limited profit margins and fierce competition. Could E-Mart establish a foothold in the US supermarket and grocery store industry? What strategies should it develop to succeed in this new market?
In the quarter ending March 2022, Apple Inc. (Apple)'s share in the Chinese smartphone market fell to 17.9 per cent from 21.7 per cent in the previous quarter. Business analysts attributed the falling share to weak consumer sentiments; a lack of innovations; and major supply-side headwinds, including frequent COVID-related lockdowns in China, power shortages, Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and the trade and technology war between the United States and China. Apple needed to identify strategies to gain a leading share in the Chinese market. In the face of demand- and supply-side adversities in China, it also needed to reconsider its supply chain and manufacturing base. Should Apple keep its supply chain concentrated in China, to reap the benefits arising from the economies of scale in the production process? Or should it pursue geographic diversification for its supply chain, to protect itself from the major problems hovering on the horizon?
Rather than building strategy around the people they have, organizations should develop a better understanding of the roles that will be most critical in executing the most promising strategy, and then putting top performers in those positions. The authors demonstrate how this can be accomplished using data analysis and examples from professional soccer and the retail industry.
In recent years, there has been a major shift in the dining preferences of consumers, more so, after the current Covid-19 crisis. Considering safety and hygiene, now, consumers would rather enjoy food in the comfort of their homes as against dining out. This change has completely revolutionized the food service industry, to the extent that some restaurateurs are finding it challenging to adapt to this sudden development. At the same time, this shift has offered great opportunity for cloud kitchens. The case demonstrates the strategies that the growing businesses in the food service industry can adopt during such times, to make decisions in terms of expansion, selecting ordering channels, and managing their employees and customers.
LINE Corporation was started in 2000 as a local company in Japan focused on developing a mobile communication application. It later expanded its reach to operate a wide range of products and services in various markets including retail, entertainment, financial technology, and artificial intelligence. LINE Corporation was operating in two global markets—Asia and North America—with its top four strategic business units. The LINE mobile messaging application was the cornerstone of the company, launched in Japan shortly after the Great East Japan earthquake in 2011 to allow individuals to connect with loved ones, participate in relief efforts, and express their feelings through emojis and stickers. LINE FRIENDS INC. was a standalone entity created to sell and distribute character-related merchandise featuring the popular animal characters Brown, Cony, and Sally. LINE PLAY Corporation, the company’s popular avatar-building game, had over 75 million registered users, but some users saw it as merely a cash-grabbing game. LINE Next Inc. was a venture focused on developing and expanding the global non-fungible token ecosystem. In 2023, the main issue that LINE Corporation was facing was how best to allocate budget and resources to the two markets (Asia and North America) and to its top four strategic business units.
A recent Master of Business Administration graduate from a renowned business school in India secured a position with a top rated asset management company. On the first day, his manager asks him to construct a portfolio using William Sharpe's single index model (SIM). To construct his model portfolio, he reviews the Bloomberg terminal for the data set. This exercise provides a step-by-step review of his analysis to construct a portfolio through SIM.