This case presents a short hisotry of mortgage finance in the United States and the two government-sponsored enterprises that dominate the market. Recent debates about their current and future roles are discussed.
This case builds on the case "Merck & Company: Product KL-798" by providing market uncertainties for the drug (drug quality, the presence of a competitor, market growth, and the time to the drug's release). Details and spreadsheets are provided for the calculation of net present values for the scenarios. There is an additional challenge of how to treat the several downstream decisions (using OptQuest, for example) and how to value the license opportunity.
Craig Knight, Asia Pacific digital business and customer services manager of Eastman Chemical Co., was given a mandate to sell Eastman's philosophy for an integrated electronic supply chain, otherwise known as the Integrated System Solution (ISS), to its business partners in the region and to encourage adoption. Having invested in a state-of-the-art technical architecture that would support interconnectivity with all parties along the supply chain, Eastman was keen to realize the full benefits to be gained from an integrated e-supply chain on a global scale. Following numerous rounds of discussion with key business partners in the Asia Pacific region, some progress had been made. Nagase & Co. Ltd. of Japan had agreed to adopt ISS connections with Eastman, but had some reservations regarding the extent of integration. Although the benefits of integration were proven, suppliers, customers, distributors, and other interested parties were faced with numerous limitations and considerations that would have significant implications on their established business processes and even the shaping of their corporate strategy. Adoption was not a simple choice. Knight understood these shortcomings and was making every effort to ease the adoption process by identifying to Nagase and other business partners the longer term benefits of applying XML technology to their businesses.
Addresses the question of how to value cash flows in an international context. Focuses on entrepreneurial ventures, but its content applies to finance issues that arise in established multinational enterprises. Addresses cash flows, discount rates, country risk premium, projecting future exchange rates, and other issues. Also contains an extensive example of a software company that exports services to other countries.
Robert Walter, the founder and CEO of Cardinal Health, a pharmaceutical distributor, is contemplating the purchase of Medicine Shoppe, a chain of apothecaries. The purchase might be construed as competition against his own drugstore customers. But one of its many advantages is the window it provides on the turbulent outside environment, with consolidation of his customers and managed care pressure on the pharmaceutical industry.
Align Technology is a four-year-old medical products company that has invented a new product requiring new manufacturing processes. Demand for the new product has grown more slowly than initial forecasts predicted, and the cost structure is preventing the company from becoming profitable. The manufacturing process involves six different operations located in California, Pakistan, and Mexico. The first dilemma requires downsizing the capacity until the demand grows. Increasing capacity in the future requires consideration of the time lags, costs, and incremental units of added capacity inherent in each of the six processes. Given the uncertainty of accurate sales forecasts as the company carries out new marketing initiatives, the manufacturing organization has been challenged to create a capacity plan to meet demand while lowering its fixed costs.
Describes the service transformation occurring at the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. Plagued by a history of poor service, enormous complexity, and an insular employee base, the 100,000-person organization grapples with a turnaround process that attempts to change virtually every aspect of the organization, including IT systems, This case includes information regarding share services organizational structure, organizational culture, and customer service. This case includes information regarding shared services.
This case analyzes a large investment decision considered by the Texas Rangers in 2000: whether to spend $252 million for the services of shortstop Alex Rodriguez. The signing was probably the most controversial sports contract of the past decade.
Describes the implementation in Seattle Public Schools, under the direction of Superintendent Joseph Olchefske, of a systemwide standards and accountability scheme, known as the Performance Agenda. The Performance Agenda set academic standards for students and defined professional expectations for teachers and administrators. A primary goal of the agenda was to align teaching practices with academic outcomes for students and to introduce performance-based practices into the management of teachers and staff. Focuses significantly on the interaction of the district's labor contracts with efforts to introduce teacher accountability.
Presents the decision by the Federal Court of Appeals for the ninth Circuit in the spring of 2002 to invalidate Seattle's use of race as a factor in allocating space in Seattle's oversubscribed schools. Summarizes the posture and content of the litigation, including its pending review in the Supreme Court of Washington and its origins in Washington's anti-affirmative action movement. Data are presented on the reconcentration of students by race and class that will result from the court decree.
This case is designed for use in JD/MBA programs or in contexts where mutual understanding of legal and financial issues is required. The case focuses on an entrepreneur in the security-software industry who is attempting to raise a first round of financing in October 2000. The firm was unsuccessful in attracting funding from venture capitalists and has relied on a small seed round and bridge loan from angel investors. The angels have now proposed investing $1.4 million in Series A convertible preferred stock. The entrepreneur must decide whether to accept the angel investors' proposal or revisit the issue of seeking venture capital. The case incorporates the Stockholder Agreement for the proposed Series A round, the capitalization of the company after the seed round, and five years of cash-flow projections for the firm. The case can be used in a law-school setting as a contract-drafting exercise and as an introduction to valuation. In a business-school setting, the case can help students understand the complex contract terms associated with a "plain-vanilla" form of venture capital. Valuation can be taught at an introductory level, or it can be made more complex if students are asked to incorporate "what-if" contract conditions into their analysis.
In the Harvard Business Review article "The Core Competence of the Corporation," authors C. K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel put forth the notion of core competence with a comparison of NEC's focus on core competence and GTE's focus on businesses rather than competencies. The article went on to become the best-selling HBR reprint in history and ushered in a wave of consulting and academic work that said that core competence was the key to company performance. The authors predicted a bright future for NEC and other "competence-based" companies and potential obsolescence for GTE and other "business-based" companies. The present case juxtaposes quotes from the article with a discussion of the evolution of NEC and GTE through 1999. It includes performance data on the two companies that allows for a critical assessment (and counterintuitive evaluation) of the core competence idea for the 10 years preceding the publication of the article and the 10 years following the publication.
This case is presented as a dialogue between four friends, who examine the economic crisis that has affected Japan since the beginning of the 1990s and focuses on the current situation of recession and deflation. Extensive macroeconomic data is provided, as well as information on the policies implemented by the government since 1992. How did Japan get into the crisis, and why has it not yet recovered?
Explores the origins and workings of the World Trade Organization (WTO), focusing particular attention on the special challenges of trade liberalization at the dawn of the 21st century.
Maple Leaf Foods is a leading global food processing company with operations in Canada, the United States, Europe and Asia. Under new management and with the desire to substantially upgrade the leadership capabilities throughout the firm, the chief executive officer and vice-president of Six Sigma (an approach and methodology for eliminating defects in any process) embarks on a revolutionary change journey in this previously change-resistant multinational food business. The project has been rolled out to three of the 10 independent operating companies, and he must analyse the launch to determine whether it is on track, and what can be done differently or better. The supplement Maple Leaf Foods (B): Six Sigma in 2002, product 9B03C001, follows the progress of the Six Sigma program a year later.
A student contemplates creating and selling calendars to fellow students in order to raise funds for charity. He must decide the nature of the calendars, the target audience, the pricing, promotion and distribution of the calendars. The supplement (B) case, product 9B02A019, outlines the promotion and distribution of the calendars, and provides a reaction to the calendar. The supplement (C) case, product 9B04A001 discusses the publishing of the third edition of the calendar.
ING Direct Canada is a retail banking operation and a subsidiary of one of the top global providers of integrated financial services, ING Group of the Netherlands. ING Direct Canada needs to meet the operational demands of a growing client base, while maintaining its current staffing levels, physical space and commitment to same-day processing of accounts. The senior vice-president of operations must implement procedures to cope with the immediate challenges of the company's growth, as well as develop a long-term strategy. Options to consider included new technology, increased efficiencies, or relaxing the same day processing requirements.
Ji'nan Broadcasting Corporation, Shandong province's public broadcaster, is entering the data and voice transmission markets. The company is preparing for an initial public offering in 2005 and must show strong, positive growth. The most likely source of that growth is expected to come from Shandong's under-served business sector. Currently, no data services are available and only one company provides voice services. The data and voice project's scope indicates that multiple vendors might be needed. For an upcoming meeting with Nortel Network's account sales manager, the project manager must provide recommendations on vendors, equipment and network specification options.
mGames is a manufacturer of game-based software for portable computers, PDAs and cell phones. The company's new chief executive officer has just been informed of a potential hostile takeover of the company by a major PDA manufacturer. At the same time he receives a phone call from a senior executive at a Scandinavian telecommunications company expressing interest in forming a partnership. With all of this happening, the chief executive officer faces growing pressure from the company's chairman to address ongoing performance problems. In a complex and changing environment he must make a strategic choice as to which group of customer groups (traditional handheld gaming device manufacturers, telecom manufacturers or PDA manufacturers) the company should focus on.