This case explores how Haitong International Securities Group Limited (Haitong, the Group, or SEHK: 665) had been accounting for margin loans under the Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standard 9 Financial Instruments (HKFRS 9) since the mandatory adoption date on 1 January 2018. Haitong belonged to one of the largest financial groups listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in terms of market capitalization. Because of the fame and size of the Group, the protagonist Nancy (regional CFO) made reference to this company in finding out the accounting issues that could potentially occur in starting margin financing business in Hong Kong. Haitong incurred 'impairment charges, net of reversal' (net impairment charges) of HKD238.8mn and HKD634.5mn respectively in the year ended 31 December 2018 (FY2018) and 31 December 2019 (FY2019). The portion attributable to advances to customers in margin financing (margin loans or margin loan receivables etc.) constituted HKD353.7mn (148.1%) and HKD532.3mn (83.9%) of the aforesaid net impairment charges in the respective years. The case seeks to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of entering the securities margin financing business when IFRS 9 is in place. Students will learn the classification of margin loans under IFRS 9 and the measurement of expected credit loss (ECL) of these assets by three "stages" as prescribed by IFRS 9. Students will also grapple with questions on formulating the internal controls in credit risk management under the context of securities margin financing.
Social impact assessment has become increasingly valued by social investors or funders to capture the value their investments can generate. As such, traditional nonprofit organizations ("NPO"), social enterprises and even corporate social responsibilities ("CSR") initiatives have to be accountable for the funds they receive. This case puts forward a novel discussion on how the performance and social impacts of social sector organizations are assessed in Hong Kong.
As Google incorporated in 1998, in the midst of dot-com mania, it faced the need to raise growth capital after the 2000 dot-com crash, when VC investments and IPOs had considerably slowed. Yet despite the crash's lingering chill, which crushed thousands of new ventures, Google survived and ultimately prospered. This case reviews the early history of search engines and discusses the four key components of Google's success: strategy pivots to protect its search dominance; horizontal integration to expand information capture and revenue growth; vertical integration to extend digital-ad-industry penetration; and "moonshots" to exploit its technology and financial depth. In making the case for Google's industry leadership, the case also enumerates the key threats to Google's dominance in its field-including rivalry with major competitors Amazon, Facebook and Apple-while suggesting that the company's past successful strategic pivots bode well for its future nimbleness
In April 2020, the owner and founder of BeanCountr Inc. was reviewing her company’s financial performance for its third fiscal year. The company was a financial technology start-up located in London, Ontario, Canada. The owner had already reviewed the company’s operating decisions over the past fiscal year, which ended March 31, 2020. She was now eager to review the company’s financing and investing transactions.
Praesens Care, a start-up based in Belgium, has developed a mobile laboratory with the aim of safely testing people for a wide range of killer diseases. Its mobile laboratories enable monitoring of infectious diseases and improve diagnostic capabilities in remote areas in Africa. The case tells the story from its origins to the difficulties encountered in the public health sector, with three questions at the core: what and who are its targets, how to align its operations to achieve them, and how to finance its operations.
Praesens Care, a start-up based in Belgium, has developed a mobile laboratory with the aim of safely testing people for a wide range of killer diseases. Its mobile laboratories enable monitoring of infectious diseases and improve diagnostic capabilities in remote areas in Africa. The case tells the story from its origins to the difficulties encountered in the public health sector, with three questions at the core: what and who are its targets, how to align its operations to achieve them, and how to finance its operations.
In April 2020, the owner and founder of BeanCountr Inc. was reviewing her company's financial performance for its third fiscal year. The company was a financial technology start-up located in London, Ontario, Canada. The owner had already reviewed the company's operating decisions over the past fiscal year, which ended March 31, 2020. She was now eager to review the company's financing and investing transactions.
Wirecard was a German fintech company, member of the DAX30, that provided payment processing and related services. Wirecard had enjoyed large growth rates over the years and most investors and analysts were enthusiastic about the company's prospects. Wirecard's business model was not easy to understand for outsiders, and the company's financials often lacked the necessary details to fully comprehend the company's dealings. Throughout the years, Wirecard had been subject to allegations of fraud, including money-laundering allegations and accounting-fraud allegations, among others. However, up until spring 2020, Wirecard was able to reject these claims. In June 2020, investors and the public learn the truth about Germany's digital darling: a major part of Wirecard's business was fraudulent, and a sum of €1.9 billion, supposedly held in trust accounts in the Philippines, is non-existent. James Freis, who had just been hired as a new member of the Management Board, finds himself interim CEO and is trying to understand how this seemingly massive fraud could have gone undetected for so long, and why it began in the first place.
The rise of financial technology companies-"fintechs"-is changing the way money moves around the world, leading to greater financial inclusion and closing a credit gap that historically has hampered small businesses. According to the World Bank, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is the engine driving world economies, representing 90 percent of all businesses worldwide, providing 50 percent of all employment, and responsible for up to 40 percent of national income in developing economies. Even so, research has shown that 65 million businesses-or 40 percent of SMEs in developing economies-face an unmet financing need of $5.2 trillion per year. This gap translates to 19 percent of the gross domestic product of the 128 countries surveyed and attests to the vital role that SMEs play in the world economy as a driver of employment and overall economic health.
This two-part case describes the circumstances surrounding a 1989 plane crash in central England. Part A describes what happened in the cockpit as determined by the analysis of the flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder (black boxes). Part B presents the same events, with added detail, in the form of a comic book depicting the people involved (pilots, passengers, and cabin crew), the physical space they occupied, and their actions and reactions to the unfolding disaster.
This two-part case describes the circumstances surrounding a 1989 plane crash in central England. Part A describes what happened in the cockpit as determined by the analysis of the flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder (black boxes). Part B presents the same events, with added detail, in the form of a comic book depicting the people involved (pilots, passengers, and cabin crew), the physical space they occupied, and their actions and reactions to the unfolding disaster.
Could AI-based X-ray scanning platform make flying safer? Airport security officers had just seconds to decide if someone's luggage contained a knife, gun, explosive, or other potential safety threat, and the human eye was not designed to focus for hours on a scanning screen. This case study describes the founding and early years of Synapse Technology, which aimed to improve airport security performance by leveraging advances in computer vision to detect these types of threats with far greater accuracy. The company set out to develop the AI solution they believed would work, building an AI model and then feeding it training data on which types of weapons and other items to flag as a threat, as passengers' luggage went through the screening process. The case study explores the technical as well as entrepreneurial challenges in this new AI frontier, including locating a real-world test venue, and then determining how to measure and explain the return on investment to potential clients.
In July 2020, Ruben Flores-Martinez had launched a startup, CashDrop, which provided easy and cheap sales options for small businesses. The COVID-19 pandemic helped CashDrop quickly grow. Flores-Martinez, who had previously sought and been denied venture capital funding, suddenly found CashDrop being pursued by venture capital. The case discusses Flores-Martinez's background as an undocumented immigrant in the United States, his previous business ventures, and his concerns about the influence of venture capital on business. The case also discusses the American and global payment platform landscape.
After the events in CashDrop A, Flores-Martinez received two concrete offers from VC funds for his startup business, CashDrop. This case describes the tensions between the two funds: a traditional VC fund who would offer Flores-Martinez a prestigious platform, and a newer VC that focused on funding more diverse companies. The case asks which Flores-Martinez should choose.
After the events in CashDrop A, Jarrid Tingle and Henri Pierre-Jacques, the founders of Harlem Capital partners, worried that Ruben Flores-Martinez, CashDrop's founder, would take another offer while he waited for them to officially make an offer. HCP traditionally took more time to vet their potential investments, but Tingle and Pierre-Jacques did not want Flores-Martinez to pick another VC while he waited. The case asks if they should adjust their terms to be more competitive.
Realizing in early 2021 that their pending real estate investment fund would likely be oversubscribed, Drake Real Estate Partners co-founders Nicolás Ibáñez and David Cotterman were considering how best to continue to diversify their investor base and how to optimize operational efficiency as they deployed increasing amounts of capital. Although his family office had funded the company's first fund, Ibáñez added Latin American family investors and some institutions to subsequent funds while Cotterman focused on delivering 20+% returns. As they looked ahead to their fourth fund and beyond, the partners needed to decide how best to develop their firm and their offerings as they worked to attract capital without alienating either their smart-money family investors or their nascent institutional clientele.
In 2020, the flagship location of Jamie's Market, a specialty supermarket retailer in California, struggled to hire enough temporary workers to meet the increased staffing demand resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The new assistant manager, who had been recently transferred to the company's flagship store, was tasked with figuring out what had gone wrong and recommending changes to ensure that the store would have enough qualified workers for the remainder of the pandemic (or until store sales returned to pre-pandemic levels, whichever occurred first). The assistant manager looked into the company’s hiring and socialization processes, spoke with both temporary and permanent workers, and identified at least two reasons for the challenges in hiring temporary workers: insufficient advertising of the job listing for temporary workers, and little or no effort to socialize temporary workers once they were hired. Based on these conclusions, what changes should the assistant manager recommend when hiring the next group of temporary employees?
It was June 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, and Frances Edmonds, head of sustainable impact at HP Canada Co., the Canadian subsidiary of HP Inc. (HP), was continuing HP’s decades-long pursuit of sustainable impact. HP had worked nearly two decades with strategic partners like Lavergne Groupe to redesign its products and make plastic circular. HP was now committed to using 30 per cent post-consumer recycled plastic across its personal systems and printers by 2025. However, decreasing commodity prices during the COVID-19 pandemic, global supply challenges, and lowered global collection of recycled content could potentially undermine HP’s recycling efforts and goals. Edmonds was considering possible strategic, tactical, and operational actions to cope with the situation and sustain HP’s aspirations. Would HP’s circular supply chain remain viable and competitive?
It was June 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, and Frances Edmonds, head of sustainable impact at HP Canada Co., the Canadian subsidiary of HP Inc. (HP), was continuing HP's decades-long pursuit of sustainable impact. HP was now committed to using 30 per cent post-consumer recycled plastic across its personal systems and printers by 2025. However, decreasing commodity prices during the COVID-19 pandemic, global supply challenges, and lowered global collection of recycled content could potentially undermine HP's recycling efforts and goals. Edmonds was considering possible strategic, tactical, and operational actions to cope with the situation and sustain HP's aspirations. Would HP's circular supply chain remain viable and competitive?