In the summer of 2017, with over half of the United States and a growing number of other countries allowing the use of either medical or recreational marijuana, Mountjoy Sparkling was entering a huge market. Its product, sparkling water infused with marijuana, was targeting consumers who did not like to smoke and wished to avoid the generally high level of sugar in most marijuana edibles. The company faced all of the operational challenges of a start-up, while navigating the legal, financial, and logistical obstacles unique to the marijuana industry. The founder was seeing demand increase. He was seeking venture capital to fund the growth necessary to get big enough fast enough to survive in a market with many competitors and constantly changing regulatory frameworks. He needed to make at least five strategic decisions in terms of product mix, market selection, and distribution.
Facing declining revenues, huge fixed costs, bloated employee unions, an inflexible regulatory environment and a generation of millennials that virtually never used its products, the United States Postal Service (USPS) was looking for help. Accordingly, it had hired several advisors who all came from entrepreneurial backgrounds. Their mandate was clear: challenge the status quo, help to frame the magnitude of the disruption that the USPS was facing, identify opportunities for the USPS to enter new markets for new sources of revenue, and develop a solution immediately. Was an entrepreneurial approach likely to be successful? Or would this approach only involve niche ideas that would not produce significant results? Many other developed countries were facing the same disruption; were there lessons to be learned from these other postal services? The advisors gathered together in a small office and settled into a task that, at first blush, seemed impossible.
The chief executive officer (CEO) of GENICON is at a crossroads. The private medical device manufacturing business he started over 15 years ago has several acquisition offers as the industry starts to consolidate ahead of changes to the U.S. healthcare system. He can sell it now and make millions for himself and his investors or he can grow the business for a couple more years and, assuming a constant multiple of acquisition price to revenue, make millions more since his business is in fact growing. However, the business needs capital to grow and the CEO does not want to take on more debt. Should he sell the whole company and start his next venture? Or sell it and continue to help the acquirer grow the business? Or sell a part of the company and lose some autonomy and control? The CEO knows he is in a fortunate position but he still has to make a decision and soon.
An early stage investment firm is ready to launch after receiving funding from its first investor. With $400,000 in capital and twice that amount forthcoming, venVelo needs a process so it can be exposed to those seeking funding, evaluate the opportunities, make investments and mentor its portfolio clients. The challenge for venVelo’s management team is to apply the same principles in managing venVelo that it looked for in other companies seeking investment: don’t focus on being perfect; focus on getting better every day.
A U.S. medical device manufacturer is operating in more than 40 international markets, including its most recent entries in the BRIC markets. The company president is now ready to look to new emerging markets for revenue growth. This time a more advanced “post-BRIC” analysis is needed to determine which market to enter next. Because the capital investment and risk associated with entering a new market is high, making the right market selection is critical.
A critical question for entrepreneurs starting a business, particularly in a foreign country, is choosing whether or not franchising is the appropriate mode of entry. Franchising offers the entrepreneur instant brand recognition, established business processes and supply chains, regulatory and tax guidance, and a ready supply of assistance in the early months. However, it deprives the entrepreneur of what many of them crave - the ability to create and grow a business from one’s imagination. The two entrepreneurs in this case had regular salaries, but wanted to try opening a coffee shop - or a chain of coffee shops - in South Korea, which already had many brands with multiple outlets.
A critical question facing a company's ability to grow its business internationally is where it should go next. One company facing that decision was GENICON, a U.S.-based firm that manufactured and distributed medical instruments for laparoscopic surgeries. Although the minimally invasive surgical market in the United States had long been the largest in the world, international markets were anticipated to grow at a much faster rate than the U.S. market for the foreseeable future. GENICON was already in over 40 international markets and was looking in particular at the rapidly emerging markets - Brazil, Russia, India and China - as potential new opportunities for growth. This case is appropriate for use in an international business course to introduce market selection strategy. It can also be used in sessions on international marketing, entrepreneurship and business strategy.
Praxis Language is a small company in China started by three non-Chinese entrepreneurs. Originally focused on teaching Chinese to native English speakers using podcasting and other online tools, Praxis has also developed content to teach English to native Chinese speakers, which the company perceives as a much bigger market. The case describes the challenges facing the co-founder of Praxis as he navigates emerging mobile technology (hardware and software), the complexities of doing business in China, and the consequences of explosive growth.
In 2006, Ruth's Chris Steak House was fresh off of a sizzling initial public offering and was now interested in growing their business internationally. With restaurants in just four countries outside the United States, a model to identify and rank new international markets was needed. This case provides a practical example for students to take quantitative and non-quantitative variables to create a short list of potential new markets.