The case examines the transformation of Best Buy under CEO Hubert Joly's leadership from 2012. Facing significant business challenges, including competition from online and physical retailers, Joly implemented the "Renew Blue" turnaround strategy, which focused on improving price competitiveness, enhancing the customer experience both in-store and online, partnering with major tech companies, and investing in employee training and engagement. The case further explores the development and execution of the "Building the New Blue" strategy, aiming to enrich lives through technology by addressing key human needs and expanding services such as in-home advisors and entering the health care market. The case highlights the approach Joly calls "Unleashing Human Magic," which focuses on the importance of aligning company purpose with employee motivation and customer needs to drive business growth and transformation.
Paytm was an Indian financial technology company. Since its launch in 2010, it had built a dominant payments system in India, comprising mobile wallets, offline payments via QR codes, and a payments bank that offered no-frills banking. However, in 2016, the Indian government launched a free, publicly available digital payments platform, the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), that removed barriers for entry into the payments market. With its dominant advantage eroded, Paytm had to strategize a new business model to ensure profitability. By 2023, the company's leadership was confident that Paytm had found a profitable model and was on the right path. But they were still debating what was next for the company. Which business vertical should it focus on? Should it expand internationally? Which path would help Paytm become India's dominant fintech company?
A case on CRANE, a tool to help investors and green technology companies estimate the future climate impact of new technologies and products, called emissions reduction potential (ERP). The case includes material on CRANE's methodology for estimating future carbon emissions, including the variables and parameters of the tool's model. CRANE was created by Prime Coalition (Prime), which organized hundreds of investors to establish industry standard terminology, methodologies, and best practices for estimating the climate impact of new investments. In 2022, Keri Browder, director of Project Frame, a nonprofit program convened by Prime, was focused on how to improve CRANE's technical capabilities, integrate with other available tools for pre- and post-investment decision-making, and make the effort as useful as possible for Prime and Project Frame's mission to mitigate climate change.
The case describes Arla's history, in particular its climate change mitigation efforts, and how it implemented a price incentive system to motivate individual farms to implement scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions mitigation measures and receive a higher milk price. The case, and its data supplement, highlight Arla's use of a data score card and regression analysis model to track CO2 emissions across dairy farms in multiple European countries.
Arla implemented a data based price incentive systems to measure, track, and influence climate friendly changes to reduce CO2 emissions across the world's fourth largest dairy cooperative.
As co-founder and CEO of Simprints-a social enterprise with the mission to "transform the way the world fights poverty"-Toby Norman was at a crossroads. His organization had developed ground-breaking technology used to verify aid delivery, reached more than 2.5 million people in 17 different countries, and received widespread accolades in the global health community. Having initially exclusively focused on partnerships with like-minded NGOs, Simprints attracted highly passionate employees willing to make sacrifices in service of the organization's mission. To scale its impact, Norman had recently decided that Simprints begin working with governments, a move many employees disagreed with, leading nearly half of the organization's workforce to quit. Despite initial success with its new strategic path, Norman wondered how central passion should be to the future direction of the organization. Should Simprints cast passion aside entirely and focus on bringing its technology to as many people as possible, including in areas beyond international development? Should Norman find a way to re-center passion, perhaps by making its technology open-source in an effort to sidestep discussions of who Simprints should be used by? How else could Simprints keep its employees motivated to fulfill its mission?
In this case, set in June 2019 in Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Deepa Bachu of Pensaar Design and her team work with client ITC Ltd. to use design thinking and behavioral experiments to improve workplace safety and strive toward the company's zero-accident goal. The case contains information on the conglomerate ITC and its subsidiary, ITC Paperboard and Specialty Papers (PSPD), along with background on worker safety trends in India. During Pensaar's engagement, its team embedded at one of ITC PSPD's sites, conducting observations and qualitative interviews with employees. Next, Pensaar's team collaborated with ITC employees at different levels of the organization to design and implement a variety of safety interventions to better understand how to improve safety at the plant.
In this case, set in June 2019 in Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Deepa Bachu of Pensaar Design and her team work with client ITC Ltd. to use design thinking and behavioral experiments to improve workplace safety and strive toward the company's zero-accident goal. The case contains information on the conglomerate ITC and its subsidiary, ITC Paperboard and Specialty Papers (PSPD), along with background on worker safety trends in India. During Pensaar's engagement, its team embedded at one of ITC PSPD's sites, conducting observations and qualitative interviews with employees. Next, Pensaar's team collaborated with ITC employees at different levels of the organization to design and implement a variety of safety interventions to better understand how to improve safety at the plant.
This case gives an overview of Elon Musk's career arc through the lens of the 2003 founding of Tesla and its growth through 2022. Background information is included on Tesla's unique strategic decisions, its operational and reputational struggles and successes, and the broader evolution of the electric vehicle market, emissions regulations, and green technology developments. The case also contains information on Musk's early life and endeavors beyond Tesla, with a focus on his management style and the implications for Tesla's success and his aim to influence human civilization for the better.
In 2022, AXA and its CEO Thomas Buberl faced new types of challenges, including systemic risks such as climate change, geopolitical instability, public health crises, and social tensions caused by economic risks. AXA was one of the world's largest insurers. Since becoming CEO in 2016, Buberl had led a transformation to rebalance its portfolio toward property and casualty (P&C) insurance, reducing its exposure to financial-market risk. At a September 2022 Management Committee offsite, Buberl focused management's attention on AXA's "S" strategy-i.e., its social and societal role. The case includes a history of AXA's growth and transformation prior to and under Buberl's leadership, including its adoption of the purpose: "to act for human progress by protecting what matters" and the vision "to transform AXA's value proposition 'from payer to partner.'" Also covered are AXA's green business strategy to mitigate and adapt to the risks posed by climate change, new innovations, such as data platforms in commercial and health insurance, and AXA's attempts to extend coverage to customers in emerging markets and low-income customers in developed markets.
This case focuses on distribution, sales, and product decisions as Aphro Beverages reaches an inflection point in its growth trajectory. In 2020, Aphro Beverages, based in Accra, Ghana, successfully launched its brand and brought two new alcoholic spirits products to market. These stylishly packaged distilled liquors were modern takes on Ghana's traditional palm wine, coming in three bottle sizes. Entering 2022, Aphro depended primarily on direct-to-retail distribution, selling to on-trade venues, such as bars, clubs, and restaurants, and off-trade venues, such as liquor stores and other retail outlets. Aphro's marketing strategy leveraged celebrity and social-media influencer endorsements, high-profile events, and digital/online advertising. The case poses questions over whether Aphro should now partner with a distributor and what the characteristics of a good distribution partnership would be. The case presents possible distribution partners, including a partner that would deepen penetration domestically within Ghana, a partner that would broaden reach across Africa, and a partner that would cater to the African diaspora market in Europe and the United States. Additional considerations raised in the case include choosing when and which new investors to take on and where to invest to maximize return on go-to-market investment.
This case provides brief descriptions of 18 examples of corporate leaders confronting questions of whether and how to engage with societal issues, including social, political, and environmental issues. Social issues include COVID-19; social and racial justice; discrimination and prejudice; gender, sex, and sexual orientation; and humanitarian crises. Political issues included voting rights, abortion rights, and geopolitical conflict and rivalry. Environmental issues included climate change. The examples took place between 2014 and 2022. The examples are: 1. Delta Airlines/Ed Bastian: Vaccine Mandates (2021) 2. Racial Justice: Starbucks/Howard Schultz: "Race Together" (2015) 3. Merck/Ken Frazier: Charlottesville, President Trump, and Race (2017) 4. Starbucks/Kevin Johnson: Philadelphia Incident (2018) 5. OneTen Initiative: Living Wage Jobs for Black Americans (2020) 6. Tech Leaders: Oppose the Trump Travel Ban (2017) 7. Delta Airlines/Ed Bastian: Rescinding NRA Discounts after the Parkland Shooting (2018) 8. Corporate Leaders: Responding to Anti-Asian Hate (2021) 9. Salesforce.com/Marc Benioff: Indiana Boycott for Religious Freedom Restoration Act (2015) 10. Target/Brian Cornell: North Carolina "Bathroom Bill" (2016) 11. Disney/Bob Chapek: The Florida "Don't Say Gay" Bill (2022) 12. H&M/Helena Helmersson: China, Uighurs, and Human Rights (2020) 13. Corporate Leaders: Voting Rights and Election Bills (2021) 14. Corporate Leaders: Texas Abortion Ban (2021) 15. Unilever/Alan Jope: Ben & Jerry's, Israel, and Occupied Palestinian Territory (2021) 16. Google: Ceasing Search in China (2018) 17. Apple/Tim Cook: Data Privacy in China (2021) 18. Amazon/Jeff Bezos: Co-Founding Climate Pledge (2019)
This case describes the leadership succession planning process at Cesaro e Associati (Studio Cesaro), founded in 1986 by Franco Cesaro in the northeastern Italian state of Veneto. In 2022, Franco was contemplating retirement and passing leadership of his firm, which consulted with other family-owned businesses, to his youngest daughter, Laura. For her part, Laura found much of her work at Studio Cesaro suited her, but she was still figuring out how her own ambitions fit with the firm's future. The case considers the perspectives of Studio Cesaro senior consultants and the Cesaro family-including Laura's mother, sisters, and husband-with a focus on Franco and Laura. Also included is information on Franco's philosophy and approach to family businesses, and descriptions of selected clients and services. The case concludes with Franco, Laura, and the family considering several options for the future equity allocation, governance structure, and business model of the firm.
This note focuses on the antecedents of, reactions to, and clarifications about The Business Roundtable's August 19, 2019, "Statement on the Purpose of a Corporation." The note includes background information on corporate governance as practiced in the United States in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It discusses "managerialism," "stakeholderism," and shareholder primacy. The latter view is represented by Milton Friedman's essay, "The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits," which is summarized in the note. The note also includes a history of The Business Roundtable and its periodic statements on topics related to corporate governance, including its original 1997 "Statement on the Purpose of a Corporation." The note then relays the issuance of the 2019 update to that statement, along with reactions from the popular media, shareholder advocates, academics, and stakeholder governance advocates.
The case tells the story of the rise and fall of Scott Tucker, an entrepreneur, businessman, passionate race car driver, competitor, and owner of a professional racing team. From 1997 to 2012, Tucker built a nationwide network of payday lending businesses, becoming a pioneer in online lending along the way. Many of his borrowers depended on payday loans as a lifeline in dire times-a pricy-yet-reliable source of cash to pay bills and cope with emergency expenses. However, Tucker's reign came to an end in 2012 when federal prosecutors indicted Tucker on several criminal charges, including the violation of disclosure laws. This case allows students to discuss the role of individual executives in the corporate governance process, and how the regulatory-level, firm-level, and personal levers of governance may interact to create trust in markets. The case also allows discussions of the importance of effective communication of information by management to help facilitate the decision-making of various stakeholders (such as investors, employees, and customers).
The case tells the story of the rise and fall of Scott Tucker, an entrepreneur, businessman, passionate race car driver, competitor, and owner of a professional racing team. From 1997 to 2012, Tucker built a nationwide network of payday lending businesses, becoming a pioneer in online lending along the way. Many of his borrowers depended on payday loans as a lifeline in dire times-a pricy-yet-reliable source of cash to pay bills and cope with emergency expenses. However, Tucker's reign came to an end in 2012 when federal prosecutors indicted Tucker on several criminal charges, including the violation of disclosure laws. This (B) case completes the narrative, describing the outcomes of the legal cases and consequences for Tucker and his businesses. This case allows students to discuss the role of individual executives in the corporate governance process, and how the regulatory-level, firm-level, and personal levers of governance may interact to create trust in markets. The case also allows discussions of the importance of effective communication of information by management to help facilitate the decision-making of various stakeholders (such as investors, employees, and customers).
This case describes the 2012-2020 effort at IBM to implement design thinking throughout the company and hire thousands of designers to serve on every product team alongside technical engineers and developers and product managers. IBM's design transformation is told through the development of the Design Program Office-a new centralized function led by General Manager Phil Gilbert to support the organizational change effort-and the adoption of design thinking at several key business units: IBM's Z mainframes business; IBM Security; IBM's data and artificial intelligence (AI) business; and the Digital Strategies and Interactive Experience (DS/iX, or just iX) group, within IBM Services. The case contains details about IBM's approach to design thinking frameworks and how IBM integrated design thinking and designers to center end-user needs in its product development teams and processes.
In December 2019, Oliver Jay, Asana's Chief Revenue Officer (CRO), was reconsidering his go-to-market (GTM) strategy. Asana was cloud-based work management software that enabled users to break up projects into discrete tasks that could be assigned, scheduled, and tracked on a single, integrated platform. Jay was wondering how to increase annual recurring revenue by year-end 2020. Just three years earlier, when Jay joined Asana as its first CRO, thousands of companies were already using free and paid versions of its software. Since Asana was a software-as-a-service (SaaS) offer, all a new user needed to do was to create an account. This meant individual users and teams could onboard easily and initially for free, using an array of self-service tools, without purchasing approval from their IT departments on conversion to paid subscriptions and without initial sales support from Asana. This mix of free and paid users proved sustainable and profitable for Asana. However, reaching senior directors, vice presidents, and executives of potential client companies to drive larger, enterprise-wide adoptions was a challenge for the Asana sales team. Jay's desire to improve sales performance led him to a novel concept: to structure the sales team based on where customers were in their adoption cycles with Asana-that is, to organize sales by stages of the customer journey rather than by the time-honored approach of organizing by account size (e.g., SMB, mid-market, and enterprise). Was this radical idea the right structure for Asana to reach its revenue growth goals-or was it fraught with too much risk?
This case focuses on a junior partner at a private equity (PE) firm who sits on the board of one of the firm's portfolio companies. In the case, the board member asks the CEO to accelerate a cost-cutting initiative and looks to a seasoned industry veteran who is also a PE-appointed director for reinforcement. When the second board member sides with the CEO instead, the young director must consider how to respond.