Considers McDonald's efforts to build resilience into its global supply chain so that the company and its suppliers can better navigate the increasing pressures and pace of climate change and regulatory change, including a focus on supplying sustainable beef, while the company seeks to continue is current pace of growth and deliver on multiple public commitments.
In September 2023, Brighter Bites, a Houston-based non-profit that distributed fresh produce and nutrition education in underserved communities across 11 cities and 5 states, grappled with identifying the best path forward for continued growth. Brighter Bites proved that their program effectively changed behavior with participating families developing and sustaining healthier eating habits and consuming more fruits and vegetables each week, two years after they completed the program. Brighter Bites wanted to change the trajectory of health across low-income and food insecure households and had to navigate the program's dependency on produce and logistics partners and restricted funding sources.
In December 2022, Juan Luciano, Chairman and CEO of agribusiness and nutrition giant ADM, considered the next phase of the historic company's future. Beginning in 2011 when he joined as COO and moving into his tenure as CEO in 2015, Luciano led a transformation of ADM from a commodities-focused trading company to a customer-centric solutions firm. Upon coming aboard at ADM, Luciano saw changes in the agribusiness industry that warranted pivots in ADM's business strategy to ensure long-term success. To shepherd the company through a changing industry, Luciano conceptualized three "strategic horizons"-general timeframes to pursue specific goals. The first horizon was aimed at getting ADM financially fit including raising ROIC above WACC and reducing CapEx. The second horizon was characterized by moving closer to customers through identifying global macro-trends and offering corresponding products and services to generate better margins. As part of the second horizon, ADM acquired flavor company and food and beverage solutions provider WILD Flavors which resulted in Luciano creating a Nutrition division that used rapid design-for-market capabilities to create complete product solutions for customers. As a leader, Luciano exhibited the traits of both a learner (e.g., seeking out a variety of perspectives before ultimately making key decisions himself) and a teacher (e.g., utilizing drawings, vivid analogies, and hands-on demonstrations). Luciano needed to define the company's next horizon. He knew his general goal was sustainable growth, but balancing profitability with innovation and pace of change with durability of change could prove challenging in the years to come.
A major home builder wishes to purchase lumber (Southern pine). The builder wants delivery in six months but prefers to lock-in the price near current rates. The lumber wholesaler must decide on a pricing and sourcing strategy. Examples include: 1) buy & hold, 2) wait and see, and 3) hedge with futures. There is no futures market in Southern pine, but there is a market in Hem-Fir (a somewhat similar wood). Data on historical spot and futures prices is provided.
A young HBS graduate purchases a publisher of specialty magazines that advertises second hand cars, boats, trucks, etc. The magazines carry photographs and a brief description of each article for sale. The company faces the problem of deciding on how many magazines to drop off at each distribution point. Teaching objectives: relevant costs which are not always obvious, simple forecasting, and shortcomings of critical fractile analysis.
In November 2021, US Foods CEO Pietro Satriano must decide his company's trajectory following the COVID-19 pandemic. US Foods suffered due to business closures and social distancing during the height of the pandemic. While the situation improved following the return of indoor dining and in-person learning, an industry-wide shortage of truck drivers and warehouse selectors threatened to dampen its post-pandemic recovery. The US Foods team must determine the appropriate strategy for attracting and retaining new drivers and selectors. Meanwhile, the company planned to build additional locations for CHEF'STORE, its cash-and-carry warehouse brand, which promised to increase its geographic footprint and product offerings. Satriano must decide how to support the CHEF'STORE expansion in light of the foodservice distribution industry's continued supply chain challenges.
Bunge, one of the world's leading agribusiness traders and processors, strives to comply with its commitment to having a deforestation-free value chain by 2025 while it considers potential new business growth areas. After a complex turnaround, which involved one of the biggest corporate reorganizations in Bunge's 203-year history, the company finally has surplus cash to invest. CEO Greg Heckman and Chief Sustainability Officer Robert Coviello must figure out if they can turn sustainability into a profit maker for the company or if it will remain as another cost of doing business.
Danish Crown, one of the world's largest exporters of pork meat and one of Europe's top five producers of beef, faced increasing headwinds in 2021, making CEO Jais Valeur feel like the core of the meat business was under attack. As a cooperative and prominent player in Denmark's high-standard agriculture sector, the company had particular responsibilities and constraints including a high labor and production cost and strict regulatory environment. More recently growing concerns over climate change had led to increasing criticism of the environmental impacts of livestock production. Consumers in Denmark and worldwide were turning away from meat, for its climate impact but also for concerns about animal welfare and their own health. The case discusses these industry trends and describes Danish Crown's efforts to respond by transitioning to a more sustainable company, with several initiatives and investments underway to meet its ambitious carbon reduction targets. Valeur was convinced that sustainability leadership was the only way to keep its customers, add value to commodity parts of the business, and earn the "license" to keep operating in the future. However, the more the company publicized its efforts, the more it got under attack from environmental activists for alleged "greenwashing." Just like many of its peers, Danish Crown's management team needed to devise a strategy that would allow for its survival despite the growing adverse trends.
In 2020, Luke Minion and the leadership team at Riverstone, a hog producer founded in 2013 in Shandong, China, were evaluating Riverstone's strategy as it rebounded from outbreaks of African Swine Fever (ASF) in two of its three farm complexes. Riverstone was a joint venture between Minnesota-based private equity firm Proterra Investment Partners and agricultural services firm Pipestone Holdings, the third-largest U.S. pork company by sows managed. The vision for Riverstone was to apply Western hog production systems in China, where-despite being the world's top hog producer and consumer-most production was fragmented and inefficient. Just as Riverstone was ramping up capacity in 2018, China's hog industry faced a devastating ASF epidemic that wiped out tens of millions of hogs and bankrupted countless small producers. Riverstone had been able to recover by implementing strict biosecurity practices, and as it rebounded, it was benefiting from surging pork prices. From March 2019 to March 2020, Riverstone's profit per weaned pig rose from $80 to $250. In late 2020, Minion and the Proterra team were considering options for the exit of Proterra's Food Fund 1, which owned 70% of Riverstone. There was the possibility of an all-out sale, an IPO, or as Minion hoped, selling some portion of the Fund's equity to the U.S. farmers who were shareholders in Pipestone's U.S. operations. What was the best option?
In the fall of 2019, Sprint's Chief Digital Officer Rob Roy reflected on the telecom's efforts to improve the effectiveness of its digital marketing campaigns. Digital media buying had long been handled by an outside agency, but in 2017, Sprint brought those functions in-house to enhance the company's ability to respond to the market in real-time. Early results suggested the plan was working, but Sprint continued to face fierce competition from its rivals. Sprint's subscriber losses mounted as it attempted to merge with T-Mobile. Could digital marketing stem the losses and win consumers' hearts?
In 2019, CEO Jim Snee is weighing how to shape the image of Hormel Foods, one of the largest U.S. meat and food companies, at a time when the industry faces unprecedented scrutiny. Based in the small town of Austin, Minnesota, the nearly 130-year-old firm is best known for its legacy meat-based brands such as Hormel Pepperoni and Spam. It also owns brands (many acquired recently) that consumers might not associate with Hormel, such as Wholly Guacamole, Justin's nut butters, and Applegate Farms deli meats. This diversity of products reflects Snee's effort to reduce Hormel's commodity exposure and balance its portfolio across raw materials, consumer segments, price points, food trends, and channels. In pork, for example, Hormel's range extends from low-price Hormel-brand products made from conventionally raised animals to pricier Applegate Farms-brand products made from animals raised in organic and humane-centric conditions. To Snee, these differences embody Hormel's strategy of offering choices to consumers. Hormel is 48% owned by a foundation created by the founding family, which has allowed its leadership to manage with a long-term view and worry less about Wall Street scrutiny. Indeed, for such a large firm-$10 billion in sales, penetration in 80% of U.S. households-Hormel has historically been relatively "under the radar." But in the social media era, Snee knows how quickly companies can lose control over their reputations, and that the animal protein space is particularly sensitive. What risks does Hormel face, and how can Snee preserve and convey the qualities that set the company apart?
In mid-2019, a year after German conglomerate Bayer Group closed its acquisition of U.S.-based seeds giant Monsanto, the leadership of Bayer's Crop Science division (which absorbed Monsanto) is reflecting on the opportunities ahead. Some observers have questioned Bayer's decision to buy Monsanto, citing potential reputational and financial liabilities; in the last year, Bayer's stock price has suffered. However, the leadership team expects the combination of Monsanto's and Bayer Crop Science's seed, crop protection, and digital agriculture technologies and expertise to deliver huge value to farmers and shareholders. A key focus is The Climate Corporation, Monsanto's (and now Bayer's) digital agriculture unit, which collects data from farmer-customers' operations and uses it to provide tailored farming advice and to inform internal research and development. Bayer Crop Science is digitizing its entire R&D operation in order to fast-track innovation, with the goal of producing the game-changing products needed to feed the growing global population while protecting the environment. The Bayer team aspires to lead the digital transformation of agriculture. Is this achievable, and is Bayer the right firm to lead it? Will farmer distrust, competition, merger-related challenges, or other hurdles prove insurmountable?
Emmanuel Faber, Chairman and CEO of the food and beverage company Danone, believed that humankind had only ten years to bend the curve on climate change and restore the biodiversity that the global food and agricultural ecosystem was critically dependent on. Upon becoming CEO in 2014, he had built on Danone's long history of CSR-engagement to give a boost to the company's mission to bring health through food to as many people as possible. In September 2019, he reflected on the progress achieved thus far, including efforts to support regenerative agriculture through new contract types for famers in their milk division. Still, many questions remained in his journey to fix what he saw as the food industry's broken system: How could they manage the desired long-term transition to a sustainable system while also meeting the company's short-term financial targets? What was the role of the private sector? What economic model could support an inclusive transition? How to engage partners and consumers to embark on this journey?