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Appendices
Financing New Ventures: An Entrepreneur's Guide to Business Angel Investment is a seven chapter book published in 2014 by the Business Expert Press and written by Geoffrey Gregson, Director of the Centre for Entrepreneurship Research at the University of Edinburgh Business School. In this book, the author provides practical guidance for growth-oriented business ventures looking to secure funding from external sources. He reviews the features of an investable business opportunity and advises the entrepreneur on how to present the opportunity to potential funders, as well as sharing insight into the investor's decision-making process. In addition to his focus on business angels (BA), Gregson offers insights into the work of venture capitalists (VC) to provide a comprehensive view of financing new ventures. The author includes definitions of key terms, real world examples, notes on current research, and commentary from practitioners. The book includes five appendices. Appendix A provides insight for Chapter Two by reviewing the requirements for becoming a business angel with a summary of the United Kingdom's "Enterprise Investment Scheme." The author includes investor regulations in both the United Kingdom and the United States. Appendix B provides an outline of the key sections of a traditional business plan, which is first mentioned in Chapter Three. Appendix C outlines three documents that are essential parts of the business plan financials. The author describes each document and explains the underlying goal of each one. Also referenced in Chapter Three, Appendix D outlines the investment screening criteria used by the largest BA group in the United States, the Tech Coast Angels. Appendix E provides a sample outline of a Preferred Investment Term Sheet, which is discussed in Chapter Four. -
Introduction
Financing New Ventures: An Entrepreneur's Guide to Business Angel Investment is a seven chapter book published in 2014 by the Business Expert Press and written by Geoffrey Gregson, Director of the Centre for Entrepreneurship Research at the University of Edinburgh Business School. In this book, the author provides practical guidance for growth-oriented business ventures looking to secure funding from external sources. He reviews the features of an investable business opportunity and advises the entrepreneur on how to present the opportunity to potential funders, as well as sharing insight into the investor's decision-making process. In addition to his focus on business angels (BA), Gregson offers insights into the work of venture capitalists (VC) to provide a comprehensive view of financing new ventures. The author includes definitions of key terms, real world examples, notes on current research, and commentary from practitioners. Chapter 1, Introduction (10 pages), begins with a discussion of new ventures and sources of funding. The author explains his focus on growth-oriented ventures and why business angels are the major source of funding for these types of opportunities. He reviews key considerations for business angel financing and provides an overview of concepts and chapters in the book. -
Entrepreneurial Venturing and Financing
Financing New Ventures: An Entrepreneur's Guide to Business Angel Investment is a seven chapter book published in 2014 by the Business Expert Press and written by Geoffrey Gregson, Director of the Centre for Entrepreneurship Research at the University of Edinburgh Business School. In this book, the author provides practical guidance for growth-oriented business ventures looking to secure funding from external sources. He reviews the features of an investable business opportunity and advises the entrepreneur on how to present the opportunity to potential funders, as well as sharing insight into the investor's decision-making process. In addition to his focus on business angels (BA), Gregson offers insights into the work of venture capitalists (VC) to provide a comprehensive view of financing new ventures. The author includes definitions of key terms, real world examples, notes on current research, and commentary from practitioners. In Chapter 2, Entrepreneurial Venturing and Financing (48 pages), the author outlines key concepts in new ventures and private equity investment. He explains a model of six main entrepreneurial venturing activities: opportunity identification, securing resources, team building, venture formation, refining product/service for market, and financial feasibility. He presents a detailed discussion of the three types of entrepreneurial finance: personal sources, public sources, and private equity. He explores both VC and BA financing in detail with real world examples and insight and provides a comparative assessment. He considers factors that influence financing and explains why the why the popular approach to staging funding, called a 'funding escalator,' doesn't always work in practice. The chapter includes key considerations when considering raising PE investment. -
What Makes a Compelling Business Angel Investment Opportunity?
Financing New Ventures: An Entrepreneur's Guide to Business Angel Investment is a seven chapter book published in 2014 by the Business Expert Press and written by Geoffrey Gregson, Director of the Centre for Entrepreneurship Research at the University of Edinburgh Business School. In this book, the author provides practical guidance for growth-oriented business ventures looking to secure funding from external sources. He reviews the features of an investable business opportunity and advises the entrepreneur on how to present the opportunity to potential funders, as well as sharing insight into the investor's decision-making process. In addition to his focus on business angels (BA), Gregson offers insights into the work of venture capitalists (VC) to provide a comprehensive view of financing new ventures. The author includes definitions of key terms, real world examples, notes on current research, and commentary from practitioners. Chapter 3, What Makes a Compelling Business Angel Investment Opportunity? (44 pages), reviews the factors that make market opportunities and business models successful. The author describes three categories of entrepreneurial markets: understood, new, and service-based markets. He explores each market type using real world examples and explains five different types of innovation in new markets, as well as differences in service-based markets. He highlights the importance of an effective, or investable, business model and reviews the nine elements of the business model "canvas," including the value proposition and analysis of competitive advantage. He addresses the need for a business plan and responds to common challenges in the creation of a viable business plan. He identifies four areas of uncertainty for entrepreneurs to consider and suggests detailed guidelines for creating a plan. He ends the chapter with a discussion of common pitfalls, including market issues and financial forecasts. -
Understanding the Business Angel Investment Process
Financing New Ventures: An Entrepreneur's Guide to Business Angel Investment is a seven chapter book published in 2014 by the Business Expert Press and written by Geoffrey Gregson, Director of the Centre for Entrepreneurship Research at the University of Edinburgh Business School. In this book, the author provides practical guidance for growth-oriented business ventures looking to secure funding from external sources. He reviews the features of an investable business opportunity and advises the entrepreneur on how to present the opportunity to potential funders, as well as sharing insight into the investor's decision-making process. In addition to his focus on business angels (BA), Gregson offers insights into the work of venture capitalists (VC) to provide a comprehensive view of financing new ventures. The author includes definitions of key terms, real world examples, notes on current research, and commentary from practitioners. Chapter 4, Understanding the Business Angel Investment Process (36 pages), outlines five stages of financing a business opportunity: origination, screening, evaluation, structure, and agreement. The author describes the process and presents real world insight into each stage. He offers practical advice for how an entrepreneur should approach potential investors and reviews nine organizational themes for presenting the business case. He examines common considerations for investor decision-making at different stages of a deal and for different kinds of investors. He outlines the elements of a deal structure and gives guidance on creating a term sheet as well as insight into due diligence and valuation methods, such as: discounted cash flow; the comparables method; the VC method; the asset-based method; and, rule of thumb. -
Deal Negotiation and the Deal Agreement
Financing New Ventures: An Entrepreneur's Guide to Business Angel Investment is a seven chapter book published in 2014 by the Business Expert Press and written by Geoffrey Gregson, Director of the Centre for Entrepreneurship Research at the University of Edinburgh Business School. In this book, the author provides practical guidance for growth-oriented business ventures looking to secure funding from external sources. He reviews the features of an investable business opportunity and advises the entrepreneur on how to present the opportunity to potential funders, as well as sharing insight into the investor's decision-making process. In addition to his focus on business angels (BA), Gregson offers insights into the work of venture capitalists (VC) to provide a comprehensive view of financing new ventures. The author includes definitions of key terms, real world examples, notes on current research, and commentary from practitioners. Chapter 5, Deal Negotiation and the Deal Agreement (33 pages), focuses on the negotiation process that leads to the final stage of investment, a formal agreement. The author considers the impact of valuation on negotiation and explains options for setting deal pricing and equity percentages. He outlines the typical elements of an investment agreement, including the subscription agreement, board structure, investor preferences, and executive service agreements. He examines funding stages for both BA and VC-funded deals. He also provides practical guidance to the entrepreneur when involving legal counsel. -
Investment Management, Staged Financing, and Exits
Financing New Ventures: An Entrepreneur's Guide to Business Angel Investment is a seven chapter book published in 2014 by the Business Expert Press and written by Geoffrey Gregson, Director of the Centre for Entrepreneurship Research at the University of Edinburgh Business School. In this book, the author provides practical guidance for growth-oriented business ventures looking to secure funding from external sources. He reviews the features of an investable business opportunity and advises the entrepreneur on how to present the opportunity to potential funders, as well as sharing insight into the investor's decision-making process. In addition to his focus on business angels (BA), Gregson offers insights into the work of venture capitalists (VC) to provide a comprehensive view of financing new ventures. The author includes definitions of key terms, real world examples, notes on current research, and commentary from practitioners. In Chapter 6, Investment Management, Staged Financing, and Exits (33 pages), the author considers the post investment stage of a deal through the life of the business venture. He explores the relationship between the entrepreneur and the investor, as well as common practice in investment management via both BAs and VCs. He looks at different methods for structuring financing. He considers benefits and drawbacks of investor exit strategies including financial sale, strategic sale, and IPO and offers real-world insight and examples. -
Summary and Future Trends
Financing New Ventures: An Entrepreneur's Guide to Business Angel Investment is a seven chapter book published in 2014 by the Business Expert Press and written by Geoffrey Gregson, Director of the Centre for Entrepreneurship Research at the University of Edinburgh Business School. In this book, the author provides practical guidance for growth-oriented business ventures looking to secure funding from external sources. He reviews the features of an investable business opportunity and advises the entrepreneur on how to present the opportunity to potential funders, as well as sharing insight into the investor's decision-making process. In addition to his focus on business angels (BA), Gregson offers insights into the work of venture capitalists (VC) to provide a comprehensive view of financing new ventures. The author includes definitions of key terms, real world examples, notes on current research, and commentary from practitioners. Chapter 7, Summary and Future Trends (17 pages) reviews the benefits of and requirements for pursuing BA financing. The author also summarizes the characteristics of an investable business. He considers the lean start-up business model and presents lessons learned from market experience, including the dot.com boom. He offers insight into emerging market and investment trends such as early exits, super angels, and crowdfunding.