In May 2004, Temasek Holdings (Temasek) initiates the divestment of Changi International Airport Services (CIAS), following the issuance of a third ground handling license to Swissport. Since its inception in 1977, CIAS had built a reputation of a successful and competitive operator at Changi Airport, despite having a competitive incumbent like Singapore Airport Terminal Services (SATS), which had almost 80% market share. Should Temasek sell its stake just because there is going to be a new player in the industry? The long-standing senior management team at CIAS will be key to the divestment process - Temasek would be relying on them and their team to produce financial forecasts for the potential bidders to estimate the price they would pay for this business. However, could the current management be replaced by the new owner? What motivation would be senior management team have to help sell the company and potentially end their career at CIAS? With Temasek divesting their stake, would the other shareholders - Air France, KLM, Lufthansa, China Airlines and Garuda - also follow suit? If so, how would that change the dynamics of their relationships with these airlines, and would they cease to be customers after exiting from the business?
It is July 2015, and Lembu Dairy, the fourth largest dairy producer in Malaysia, faces stiff competition in its retail production business. Although it performs well the in wholesale milk trade, it lacks its rivals' extensive and long-standing marketing prowess. Patrick Heng Meng Loh, a seasoned investor, is thinking of partnering with Lembu Dairy to develop a new line of dairy products for the company. He believes that a strategic investment into Lembu Dairy could be worthwhile and wants to leverage his expertise to recommend a unique new product line to Lembu Dairy that would increase the company's ability to value-add while improving the bottom-line. However, before Loh can take an equity stake in the company, he must first make a strong business case for developing a new retail product while also positioning himself as a more strategic partner for Lembu Dairy.
In 2004 the low-cost carrier business model is introduced to Southeast Asia. And Singapore's first budget carrier, Valuair, finds itself in fierce competition with two emerging competitors in the second half of that year. Valuair needs to expand in order to remain competitive. However, for this to happen, the company requires additional access to capital. The CEO, Sim Kay Wee, begins pitching the company as a smart, low-risk investment. Is Sim right, given Valuair's competitive position and the nascent market environment in which it operates?