As Tesla's first overseas factory and China's first wholly owned foreign automotive factory, Gigafactory Shanghai has developed rapidly, thanks to the series of industrial reforms in China and strong support from the Shanghai local government. Gigafactory Shanghai has bolstered Tesla's manufacturing capacity rapidly and significantly, enabling the company to tap into the growing global demand for electric vehicles, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Tesla's investment has also contributed to the advancement of China's electric vehicle industry and aligned with the broader goal of technological development and carbon neutrality. Nevertheless, Tesla's investment has risks, such as the deterioration of US-China relations, changes in government regulations and policies, competition from other automakers, and the threat of technological obsolescence. The student question revolves around Tesla's ability to defend its leading position in both the Chinese and global electric vehicle markets, with a view to creating a mutually beneficial partnership with the Chinese government. This case allows students to explore how host country industrial policies affect corporate investment decisions and how to deal with the uncertainties of foreign direct investment. After studying this case, students will be able to discuss the intricate relationship between industrial policies and foreign direct investment.
Both enterprise blockchain and tokenization projects use distributed ledger technologies (DLT) as the underlying infrastructure; but developing and managing them are in fact very different. This case focuses on CryptoBLK, a Hong Kong-based solution provider that has developed a wide range of DLT software applications for its clients in trade finance, supply chain and logistics, and has later expanded to tokenization businesses. This case gives an opportunity for students to identify and discuss the differences between enterprise blockchain and tokenization projects in terms of client profiles, project goals, required services, time spans, revenue streams and specific programming languages used. Students can learn how to make strategic short-term and long-term decisions. In making short-term decisions, students can consider how to strike a balance between enterprise blockchain and tokenization businesses in terms of investing and staffing. In making long-term decisions, as tokenization is an emerging trend with high potential, students have the opportunity to discuss how CryptoBLK should position itself in the industry, e.g., as an end-to-end tokenization service provider or only as a technical service provider. Moreover, students can consider how CryptoBLK can leverage existing and potential clients in local and regional consortiums, international DLT trade finance consortia and token-specific companies to develop a sustainable business model. After studying this case, students can not only understand the concepts of private and public blockchains but also discuss their differences from a project management perspective. Students will also be able to make strategic decisions on developing business models involving emerging technologies.
Lumière Project, a Hong Kong-based company, uses blockchain technology and smart contracts to offer finance solutions to the filmmaking industry. Founded by Patrice Poujol, Lumière relies on Elemis, its ERP platform prototype using blockchain technology, to help finance media projects and increase capital flow transparency and control for movie investors, cast, and crews. With the initial success of its B2B business and from the end of 2020, Lumière has designed and started developing NFT and Lumiverse solutions in the hope of opening the gates to the wider B2C arena for film financing, production, and distribution. But developing B2C business is considered as a bold move for Poujol and his team. To make the expansion into B2C a success, they need to raise additional capital and cope with a range of technical, regulatory, and market risks and challenges. This case describes B2B and B2C use cases of blockchain technologies and smart contracts in the filmmaking industry. By illustrating how Lumière works, this case shows how blockchain technologies and smart contracts improve transparency and accountability in the film payment process, bringing digital transformation in to the filmmaking industry. It provides a good opportunity for students to assess the benefits and challenges of using blockchain and smart technologies. Students will also learn not only how NFTs can create business value but also how to cope with the challenges associated with the use of NFTs, such as legal and regulatory concerns, the valuation difficulties and the efforts to attract the interest of the target audience. Moreover, this case provides an opportunity for students to learn different ways that start-ups can raise capital to run businesses. Besides traditional funding options, Lumière provides an opportunity to consider tokenization-related alternatives. Students can compare pros and cons of each funding option based on a real-world case. After studying this case, students will
New World Development (NWD) is a leading property developer in Hong Kong seeking innovative ways to solve Hong Kong's deep-rooted housing problems. NWD has gotten involved in several social housing projects to create shared value with the community, but NWD considers that these projects are not groundbreaking and innovative enough. To better tackle the housing problems, NWD has developed a not-for-profit organization, New World Build for Good, to bring in experts from different industries and policy areas to find more innovative solutions to solve Hong Kong's housing crisis. To facilitate students' discussions on possible innovative solutions, this case gives a comprehensive background of the housing industry in Hong Kong, such as its terrain restrictions and history. The case illustrates how the private and public housing markets work in Hong Kong, showing the housing challenges that young people, the "sandwich" class, and the elderly face. To give students a full picture of the housing challenges in Hong Kong, the case also reviews the government measures to tackle the housing issues over the past two decades. Moreover, the case also outlines the new proposals considered by New World Build for Good, which will inspire students to think of more innovative solutions. This case provides an opportunity for students to learn about the concept and process of social innovation, especially to understand the complications of social problems, identify the sources of innovation, and formulate innovative solutions. The case helps to raise students' awareness of ESG issues, especially in improving people's living conditions and quality of life. After studying this case, students will learn to identify potential areas for improvement, make innovative suggestions, and evaluate projects' feasibility.
Impact Kommons was initiated by New World Development (NWD) as the first start-up accelerator in Hong Kong targeted at achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs). As one of the leading property developers in Hong Kong, NWD has developed its connected business ecosystem, covering property development and investment, retailing, transportation, infrastructure development, health care, insurance, and logistics. With "creating shared value" as its corporate vision, NWD wants to achieve business sustainability by both bringing significant returns to shareholders and responding to the community and stakeholders' different needs. Impact Kommons was designed to facilitate business integration between the start-ups and NWD's business units with the aim of developing innovative solutions to solve NWD's clearly defined problems and achieve the relevant sustainable development goals of the UNSDGs. Impact Kommons can not only accelerate the business growth of start-ups but also raise their awareness of sustainability issues in the early stages of business development. This case describes how NWD initiated and developed Impact Kommons to pursue its sustainability goals, what the program achieved in cohorts one and two, and what problems it faced during the implementation process. The case shows the value and challenges of using accelerator programs to help start-ups to grow while enabling well-established companies to address sustainability issues. The case enables students to realize the importance of corporate social responsibility to companies and raises their awareness of the UNSDGs. After studying this case, students will become familiar with developing and implementing accelerator programs. This case also encourages students to seek innovative solutions to address sustainability issues.
Shein, an ultra-fast-fashion brand, is one of the most downloaded shopping apps in the United States. With an estimated value of USD100bn in 2022, Shein has caught the attention of the fashion industry as its huge range of low-priced and ever-changing fashion appeal to young consumers in their teens and twenties. Headquartered in China, Shein's success is built on its proprietary supply chain management system and China's garment production ecosystem to target overseas markets outside China. Shein mainly relies on digital marketing, collaborating with celebrities and influencers to market its products on social media platforms like Instagram and TikTok. Despite keeping a low profile, Shein has found itself at the center of a series of controversies. Among others, Shein has been accused of low quality, copyright infringement, lack of supply chain transparency, encouraging a culture of excessive consumption, and indifference to environmental costs. This case gives an opportunity for students to discuss and explore what factors have contributed to the success of Shein, what challenges Shein is facing and what strategies Shein can adopt to develop a sustainable business. After studying this case, students will know how to identify and develop a company's core competences and develop a sustainable business.
WeChat Pay is one of the leading mobile payment platforms in China. The SME sector is one of the target customer groups WeChat wants to help with its ESG (environmental, social, and governance) efforts to facilitate financial inclusion. SMEs are characterized by diverse needs but limited financial, technological, and human resources. WeChat Pay wants to leverage its technological strengths to provide the products that can address the pain points of SMEs. This case illustrates the challenges that WeChat has faced during its efforts to develop technologies that can meet the various needs of SMEs. The case gives students an opportunity to discuss such topics as why companies like WeChat need to include ESG strategies, and how leading companies can develop IT solutions that are useful for SME users. After studying this case, students will be able to suggest how to make sustainable ESG efforts, instead of as window dressing, and how to develop technologies that the potential users will accept and use.
Hong Kong Tramways (HKT), established in 1904, is the world's largest double-decker tram fleet in operation today. Having witnessed the development of Hong Kong for over 100 years, HKT is an icon of Hong Kong. This case describes how Hong Kong Tramways changed its brand image from just a heritage brand to a lifestyle brand, using its heritage as the brand's top attribute / value. HKT's revenue traditionally came from the tram ridership and advertisements. With the declining tram ridership, HKT decided to rejuvenate its brand to make it appealing to the younger generation. By doing that, they were also investing in their advertising business model, because more advertisers would be interested in using a younger, more engaging, and up-to-date advertising platform. HKT started a rebranding process in 2017 from a heritage brand and HK's icon of the greenest, most affordable, and most joyful transport mode to a lifestyle brand featured as "old age, young heart." Due to a restrictive budget, HKT decided to run the rebranding through a brand extension/brand collaboration strategy by carefully curating partner brands and looking for local brands that shared the same brand values and resonated with their target Hong Kong consumers. The rebranding has helped HKT to stay relevant for the younger generation, and yet is consistent with its brand history and business model.
The outbreak of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease, 2019) posed unprecedented challenges to the global supply chains. As a leading and innovative supply chain that achieved just-in-time manufacturing, Apple's performance was put in the spotlight. This case describes how Apple's supply chain has coped with the COVID-19 pandemic. Apple's supply chain has weathered natural disasters, such as earthquakes, fires, floods, and SARS; the risks and challenges brought by the outbreak of COVID-19 were unprecedented and complicated. Unlike the symptoms of SARS patients with high fever, the symptoms of COVID-19 varied; some patients had no symptoms at all, which made them difficult to identify. Moreover, the pandemic complicated supply chain planning because it was difficult, if not impossible, to predict where the next epicenter would be and what measures local governments might take to prevent the further spread of the virus. Social distancing was effective to control the pandemic, but it brought both challenges and opportunities for companies like Apple. On the one hand, social distancing slowed the manufacturing process and had a negative impact on the economy, which could dampen consumer confidence and reduce demand. On the other hand, social distancing boosted the demands for electronic devices, as many people had to work at home. Using this case study, students will understand the importance of risk management in supply chain management and learn the challenges and opportunities of the disruption posed to business operations. The case provides an opportunity for students to discuss and understand why some companies can recover from the disruptions better than other companies and how a resilient supply chain can improve a company's competitiveness.
FinVolution Group, previously known as PPDAI (PaiPaiDai), was the first P2P (peer-to-peer) lending company in China. With more than a decade's experience in the online consumer financial industry, the group has developed its core capabilities and a business model that is working well in China. It has gained extensive knowledge and experience in credit risk assessment, fraud detection, big data and artificial intelligence. Its online platform links underserved individual borrowers with financial institutions. By showing how FinVolution has developed its competitive advantages and built a successful online lending business model in China, this case provides an opportunity for students to discuss what factors have led to the success of a fintech company. It raises the question of whether a successful fintech business model developed in one country can be ported to another country. It also highlights the regulatory change challenges facing fintech companies, especially P2P lending companies.
The fast development of e-commerce has changed the traditional supply chain and the packaging needs of stakeholders. As individuals, companies, governments and communities become more environmentally aware, logistics companies are under pressure to achieve sustainable packaging. This case is based on Cainiao, the logistics arm of e-commerce giant Alibaba. The company wants to promote sustainable packaging, but still faces many challenges. This case addresses the importance and challenges of sustainable packaging and calls on all stakeholders in the supply chain to work together. Using Cainiao and JD.com, this case also highlights that different business models may determine different ways of managing sustainable packaging.
With a fine division of labor across different countries, the global value chains use global sourcing and combines developed countries' know-how with developing countries' low-cost labor to produce lower-priced and higher-quality products, bringing benefits to all parties joining the global value chains. This case, which is based on Foxconn, a major supplier to Apple and other global technology giants, enables students to understand that several forces are challenging and reshaping these global value chains. Foxconn, officially known as Hon Hai Precision Industry, plays an important role as an electronics manufacturer in the global supply chains. The company manufactures different parts in multiple locations to lower costs and offers good quality and competitive prices. Foxconn's main manufacturing plants are all located in China, but Foxconn is under pressure from major US customers such as Apple to move production facilities to other countries. Many factors that are reshaping the global value chains, such as the US-China trade war and COVID-19 pandemic, all have affected Foxconn's operations and forced Foxconn to adjust its strategies. This case sheds light on the risks of global value chains. It provides an opportunity for students to discuss how a company can be affected by global value chain restructuring, especially the US-China trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic, and what strategies a company might adopt to cope with global value chain restructuring.
Neat, a fintech company based in Hong Kong, launched its first account in 2016 and has grown up over the years. The company now mainly serves startups and SMEs (small and medium enterprises) by offering credit cards, payment collection, remittance services and startup-tailored solutions. After the outbreak of COVID-19, many countries introduced travel restrictions, lock-down and social distancing measures which gave online businesses including Neat significant growth opportunities. Having successfully secured a US$11 million Series A funding in April and a further US$4 million in August 2020, David Rosa, CEO and co-founder of Neat, is contemplating the next stage of expansion. Should Neat focus on developing new products and services or on expanding the market reach and target developing countries or developed countries? The case describes the business details of Neat, including company background, its products and services on offer and the different options available for its future development. The case helps students understand the different stages of corporate growth and the status quo of fintech companies in Asia. It provides a learning opportunity for students to analyze and discuss different growth strategies, and they will learn the different business environments fintech companies are facing in developing countries and developed countries.
Château Lafite Rothschild produces some of the world's most expensive wine, making the product an attractive target for counterfeiters. Fighting these counterfeiters has proven difficult for the Château as the traceability in the wine supply chain is insufficient and stakeholders have different interests and capabilities in identifying fake wine. As traceability is the key to preventing counterfeit wines from entering the wine supply chain, how to use advanced technologies to fight counterfeiters has received increasing attention. Besides existing technologies such as barcodes, Quick Response Codes (QR codes), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and Electronic Product Codes (EPC), blockchain as an emerging technology has also come into play. The case provides an opportunity for students to understand the benefits and limitations of using different technologies, especially the emerging blockchain technology, to improve traceability in the supply chain. Students will learn how to assess the feasibility of using blockchain in supply chain management and discuss different blockchain strategies.
Shanghai Jiujia Information Technology Co., Ltd. (CaiHong) was founded in April 2015 by entrepreneur Junyuan Huang. The company has transitioned from an e-commerce platform to a software-as-a-service (SaaS) platform to better compete in China's Legal Service Plus Internet (LSPI) industry. While exploring some key concepts about CaiHong, such as market positioning, business model innovation, SaaS, and growth strategies, several questions are raised about the company's growth in the LSPI industry and the company's application of SaaS. First, what factors facilitated CaiHong's transition from the business-to-consumer (B2C) market to the business-to-business (B2B) market? Second, what is CaiHong's approach to business model innovation based on the SaaS platform? Third, how can it build on the success of the SaaS model through continuous innovation and further disruption of the LSPI industry?
Shanghai Jiujia Information Technology Co., Ltd. (CaiHong) was founded in April 2015 by entrepreneur Junyuan Huang. The company has transitioned from an e-commerce platform to a software-as-a-service (SaaS) platform to better compete in China’s Legal Service Plus Internet (LSPI) industry. While exploring some key concepts about CaiHong, such as market positioning, business model innovation, SaaS, and growth strategies, several questions are raised about the company’s growth in the LSPI industry and the company’s application of SaaS. First, what factors facilitated CaiHong’s transition from the business-to-consumer (B2C) market to the business-to-business (B2B) market? Second, what is CaiHong’s approach to business model innovation based on the SaaS platform? Third, how can it build on the success of the SaaS model through continuous innovation and further disruption of the LSPI industry?
V.Rose is a Shanghai-based company founded in 2009 by Leo Cui. The company sells natural skin-care products imported from Latvia to Chinese customers. Case A focuses on the company's business expansion strategy. In 2014, V.Rose faced intensifying competition in the handmade, natural cosmetics market in China. To expand its business, the company had a number of options to choose from, each with pros and cons. One option was to enter the Hong Kong market to raise its brand awareness. Without knowledge of the Hong Kong market, however, senior management was uncertain about how to enter the market and what its managerial and financial implications were. Another option was to expand the online business to reap the benefits of the industry's fast-growing online sales. This case gives students an opportunity to discuss and compare different business-expansion strategies.
In contrast to the decision on business expansion in Case A, Case B focuses on the company's decision to narrow its business scope. Changing government policies, including stricter labor laws, increased the company's operation costs. The closing of department stores forced the company to rethink its strategy and to focus more on online business. The company has made a series of changes in product offerings, sales channels, strategies, pricing schemes, and IT management. In Case B, students are required to identify the company's competitive resources and discuss whether the company is moving in the right direction by focusing on online business and scaling down its product range.
300cubits is a blockchain application that aims to solve the no-show problem in the cargo shipping industry. Its founders, Johnson Leung and Jonathan Lee, are two HKUST alumni with experience in banking and shipping. They have identified a pain point, in the cargo shipping industry which does not require a pre-shipping cash deposit, results in no-show and cargo roll-over problems. They developed a new Ethereum based cryptocurrency, TEU, to serve as such collateral. They then conducted an initial coin offering (ICO) pre-sale in September 2017, and an official ICO in April 2018. However, the ICO failed to raise a lot of capital. However, the uptake of TEU tokens was very slow in the industry. They are now pondering the next steps forward.