Generative artificial intelligence (gen AI) has the potential to radically alter how business is conducted, and there's no doubt that it will create a lot of value. Companies have used it to identify entirely new product opportunities and business models; to automate routine decisions, freeing humans to focus on decisions that involve ethical trade-offs, empathy, or imagination; to deliver customized professional services formerly available only to the wealthy; and to develop and communicate product and other recommendations to customers faster, more cheaply, and more informatively than was possible with human-driven processes. But, the authors ask, will companies be able to leverage gen AI to build a competitive advantage? The answer, they argue in this article, is no-unless you already have a competitive advantage that rivals cannot replicate using AI. Then the technology may serve to amplify the value you derive from that advantage.
Large language models (LLMs) can generate convincingly human-sounding responses to queries. This ability can lead users to mistakenly attribute certain human capabilities to these artificial intelligence algorithms, namely reasoning, knowledge, understanding, and execution. Understanding how LLMs work and what their limitations are can help users identify where generative AI technology is best applied and where its outputs might be unreliable.
The next era of competition is at hand. To succeed in an environment of high uncertainty, greater short-term pressure, and tighter resource constraints, companies must become even better and more efficient at developing options for future advantage while continuing to perform in the present. Embracing radical optionality, the authors contend, will allow firms to turn uncertainty from a disruptive threat into a potential source of advantage. Doing so requires upending some of the core tenets of strategy. For instance, they must eliminate the gap between thinking (strategy formation) and doing (execution). They should abandon the winner-takes-all approach, which has long been central to strategy and innovation, and strive instead for flexibility. And they need to achieve "polydexterity," the ability to exploit existing advantages in current markets while working toward multiple unknown future states. Companies must embrace complexity, learn to search and execute on ideas simultaneously, and engage with customers on their personal journeys. Accomplishing that will require new organizational forms and work practices, deeper integration between humans and technology, and next-generation performance metrics.
Most organizations put more resources toward identification, protection, and detection rather than their ability to respond to and recover from a cyber breach, leaving themselves vulnerable. But because companies can't protect against every new cyberattack, it's critical that they reduce the potential impact by putting more focus on cyber resilience. The authors describe how leaders can apply seven biology-inspired adaptive design principles to become more resilient against cyberattacks.
Admired companies such as Airbnb, DoorDash and Alibaba reinvented the rules of strategy by deploying a new model: the business ecosystem. An ecosystem can be defined as 'a dynamic group of largely independent economic players that create products or services that together constitute a coherent solution.' Traditional companies have started to understand the threat, embrace the opportunity and launch their own business ecosystems. For example, John Deere, founded in 1837, is leading the race to building the most comprehensive smart-farming ecosystem. And retailer giant Walmart has become a serious competitor of Amazon with its Walmart Marketplace. The authors present eight major shifts (four in mindset and four in operating model) that traditional companies must embrace to become successful ecosystem players.
All innovation begins with the imagination. But before your imagination can be harnessed, it must be ignited. In an excerpt from their book of the same title, the authors argue that three things spark the imagination: accidents, anomalies and analogies. However, for any of these types of surprises to impact us, our minds must be prepared, and that means improving our abilities in three areas: noticing; comprehending; and interpreting. They describe how to develop and improve upon each skill, along the way explaining the importance of paying attention to our frustrations, how to draw analogies and how to immerse ourselves in new worldviews.
Good governance supports an ecosystem's ability to create value, manage risk, and optimize value distribution among its partners. Based on the governance models of more than 80 business ecosystems, the authors outline five building blocks of an effective governance model and share four foundational recommendations for using ecosystem governance as a source of competitive advantage.
Identifying the next big thing is often treated as an exercise in analyzing trends. But that's misleading. By the time a trend is established, any opportunities it presents have probably been captured by competitors. And although a company may need to reflect trends in its business plans, that may mean catching up with rivals rather than gaining a competitive edge. To take advantage of emerging trends, companies must identify them when they are embryonic--not purely speculative, but not yet named or widely known. At that stage the signs will be merely anomalies: weak signals that are in some way surprising but not entirely clear in scope or import. Most anomalies don't become meaningful trends, of course. But some do--and the businesses that identify and interpret them early will steal a march on the competition. The authors present a process for spotting anomalies that have the potential to drive a business, but the process isn't mechanical: Anomaly-driven strategy requires being open to unexpected ideas that may overturn long-held assumptions. Only if you are willing to look at your business from the outside in, question your existing models, and embrace ambiguity will you be able to identify the diamonds hiding in the data.
Business ecosystems provide valuable access to external capabilities, scale fast, and can be very flexible and resilient. But only 1 in 7 ecosystems achieves sustainable success. The metrics and red flags described in this article can help you track the key drivers of ecosystem health and ensure that your company beats the odds.
Even in severe economic downturns and recessions, some companies are able to gain advantage. In the past four downturns, 14% of large companies increased both their sales growth rate and their EBIT margin. A shock like the Covid-19 pandemic can produce lasting changes in customer behavior. To survive and thrive in a crisis, begin by examining how people are spending their time and money. Challenge traditional ideas and use data to actively seek out anomalies and surprises. Next, adjust your business model to reflect behavioral changes, considering what the new trends might mean for how you create and deliver value, whom you need to partner with, and who your customers should be. Finally, put your money where your analysis takes you and be prepared to make more-aggressive, dynamic investments.
New research shows that market leadership is increasingly temporary. Just 17% of companies are able to significantly outperform their industry average for five years. The ones that do continually find new sources of competitive advantage by reinventing their businesses and adapting to evolving market conditions. Their example offers lessons for leadership teams trying to fight the relentless pull to the mean.
It can be cognitively demanding to understand how a system or organization made up of many very different interconnected elements actually works. But the fact that such systems or organizations are difficult to understand doesn't make them inherently bad. In addition to its more obvious costs, complexity confers critical benefits, especially in dynamic and uncertain environments. The authors draw on their experience and perspectives in business, biology, and physics to offer some reflections on the nature, benefits, and costs of complexity and provide some guidance on managing it. Their recommendations: In growing your organization, make sure that it remains modular in structure and that all components and connections conform to a small number of simple operating principles. Embed a bias for change, avoid imposing too many controls on your people, and let the market judge which changes work. Finally, always optimize your organization globally and keep fixing, repairing, and pruning.
Companies are looking to artificial intelligence to create business value, and as MIT Sloan Management Review's 2018 Global Executive Study and Research Report on AI shows, Pioneer organizations are pulling ahead of their counterparts. By deepening their commitment to AI and focusing on revenue-generating applications over cost savings, these early implementers are positioning themselves to reap the benefits of AI at scale.
The author, a senior partner with the Boston Consulting Group, set out to answer the question, 'Is strategy still relevant?' He found that not only is it relevant, but doing things in a differentiated way is more important than ever. The trick is to figure out three characteristics of the environment you operate within: unpredictability, malleability and harshness. Ranking a business on these factors leads to one of five strategic approaches: classic strategy; adaptive strategy; the visionary approach; the shaping approach; or strategic renewal. In the end he shows that you can generate value by engaging with each opportunity with the right framing and awareness.
Companies that rigidly adhere to traditional approaches to goal setting may be driving their business in the wrong direction. More than ever, goals must be set in relation to the competitive environment.
The dramatic rise of China's digital leaders has put the squeeze on Western internet giants. Western players must learn quickly if they are to get back in the game in the world's fastest growing digital market.
Considering the increasing pace of technological change and volatility in many industries, the need for corporate transformation is rising. Unfortunately, the chance of successfully achieving it is falling.
The authors analyzed the mathematics of innovation as a search process for viable product designs across a universe of components. They then tested their insights using historical data from four real environments and concluded that companies can have an advantaged innovation strategy by using information about the unfolding process of innovation. But there isn't one superior strategy. The optimal strategy, they found, is both time-dependent and space-dependent. Based on their findings, the authors developed a five-step process for constructing an information-advantaged innovation strategy. Step 1. Choose your space: Where to play? It's not enough to analyze markets or anticipate customers'needs, the authors say. To innovate successfully, you also need to understand the structure of your innovation space. Step 2. Select your strategy: How to play? Measure the evolution of complexity in the space by analyzing the distribution of product sizes in terms of the number of unique components in products. If complexity is low and stable, the authors say, it's an indication that the space is still in its infancy, which argues for an impatient strategy. If complexity is high, then the space is maturing and a patient strategy will be the best approach. Step 3. Apply your strategy: How to execute? If you follow an impatient innovation strategy, the objective is to adopt or develop components that enable the company to bring relatively simple products to market quickly. Managers should ask themselves how they can be first. However, if the characteristics of your chosen innovation space imply that a patient strategy is more appropriate, your objective should instead be to maximize future innovation options. Step 4. Sense shifts and adapt: How to extract a switch signal? You need to monitor the complexity of your innovation space and compete on access to information in order to detect valuable strategy-switching signals before competitors.
Disruption from artificial intelligence (AI) is here, but many company leaders aren't sure what to expect from AI or how it fits into their business model. Yet with change coming at breakneck speed, the time to identify your company's AI strategy is now. MIT Sloan Management Review has partnered with The Boston Consulting Group to provide baseline information on the strategies used by companies leading in AI, the prospects for its growth, and the steps executives need to take to develop a strategy for their business.