Lonnie Bunch creates the National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC) with only half the federal support given to the first 17 Smithsonian historical or zoological institutions. Bunch, to borrow from the African American experience of creating "a way out of no way," raised more than the $250 million required in his capital campaign to trigger matching federal funds. In the face of traditional philanthropy that did not support "bricks and mortar" projects and despite racially-tinged patronization of his ideas to market the museum, Bunch, appointed as director of the museum in 2005, saw the museum open to international acclaim in 2016. It became the third most-visited museum in the Smithsonian system.

This note was written primarily for black entrepreneurs, to help them raise capital. The second objective was to recognize the capital providers who are part of the solution to the problem. The note reviews the evidence that black entrepreneurs have less access to capital than do white entrepreneurs, examines the reasons for that disparity, reflects on the societal impact, and-uniquely-compiles a directory of entities that have funded black entrepreneurs.

How Richard Taylor, an African-American real estate developer, created an opportunity for African Americans to invest in a downtown Boston deal to build a major hotel.

Fairview Capital is a pioneering alternative assets investment manager, as it is the first U.S. private equity fund of funds that focused on investing in private equity and venture capital funds managed by African-Americans and other minority investment managers. This case study focuses on Fairview's strategic decisions that ultimately led to the growth and expansion of its investment portfolio to over $3 billion.

On a sunny Monday morning, Rev. Morgan-Thomas walked into her newly acquired hat factory thinking, "What have I gotten myself into? Things are worse than I imagined. Can I ever turn this company around given all of the known and unknown problems? Can I make it profitable?"

Jackie Taylor, an African American woman who founded a colorful theatre company, must decide whether to build a new theatre complex during an economic downturn, as construction costs rise, or wait it out. Debt is unappealing, but a new facility is essential to the company's future. Current plans mirror Taylor's aspirations for her company, and design changes will necessitate changes in strategy. Should Taylor simply focus on her brand of theatre and build accordingly, or push for a complex to develop new talent that will tell new Afro-centric stories? Will new stories appeal to an aging, but loyal audience? Perhaps Taylor should broaden storylines and focus to cater to younger, mainstream theatre-goers. Will they help pay for a new facility?

Essence, the first magazine aimed at African-American women, was created by four, young, Black entrepreneurs in the aftermath of massive racial and political upheaval in the United States in 1968. The venture was a financial, branding and cultural success. By 2005, the company was sold to Time Warner, Inc, the largest magazine publisher in the world at that time, for the highest price ever paid for a single-title magazine company. However, there is still debate about whether the last remaining co-founder, Edward Lewis, jeopardized the iconic Black brand by selling it to a white-owned company.

Omar Simmons, managing director of a private equity fund that owns 53 health club units, has to choose: Continue in private equity or shift his career to managing and growing the health clubs. An African-American graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Business School, Simmons has to weigh the financial implications of his choice -- as well as the career implications of whatever he chooses to do. Students will learn about private equity investing, health club franchises, and career decision-making.

John Rogers Jr., the founder and CEO of Ariel Investments, an enormously successful finance firm with $12 billion of invested capital, is one of the few African Americans in the asset management industry. As one of the high profile leaders in the black business community, John has decided to encourage Fortune 500 companies and major foundations to increase the volume of business that they do with black and other minority-owned companies. His encouragement comes in the form of public criticism of these organizations. He challenges them to stop paying "lip service" to inclusion, diversity, and fair business opportunity and sincerely commit to these ideals through action and results. A member of John's Board of Directors has advised him to cease his leadership of this effort because it could be detrimental to Ariel Investments. Is the board member right? Is John being reckless? Is there a model that can be created to determine if and when John and other leaders should publicly express their opinions?

Dr. William Carson, an African-American psychiatrist who grew up in South Carolina. He had a thriving career in academic medicine as a professor and he also treated patients. After a decade in academic medicine he moved into the pharmaceutical industry where he ran drug trials. As the Group Director of Bristol-Myers Squibb, Carson worked on the drug Aripiprazole, an antipsychotic drug that is more famously known as Abilify. Abilify had been developed by Otsuka, a Japanese pharmaceutical company, and it was being co-marketed in the United States by Otsuka and Bristol Myers-Squibb. After a series of "Appleby's" conversations held during dinner meetings with a colleague from Otsuka at Appleby's restaurant, Carson was invited to join Otsuka's fledgling Princeton, N.J., office. Carson was then asked to take on the considerable task of running clinical trials for Abilify in Japan. The project would require a deft cultural touch as well as a plan for how to run the trials. Should the trials be run in-house or outsourced? Should Carson hire employees who might eventually be laid off - an unpopular option in Japan - or could he find a company with enough cultural sensitivity to run the trials in Asia? Carson would have to rely on his intrapreneurial skills to find the answers.

The strong, public advocacy of a highly successful African American CEO has the potential to negatively impact his company. The CEO is deciding if he should listen to the advice of others who are urging him to "tone it down".

After a successful career in research and academia, Joel Dawson, decided to pursue entrepreneurship in the semiconductor industry. Together with several others, Joel Dawson co-founded Eta Devices in 2014 based on new technology developed at MIT to improve the efficiency of radio transmitter devices.

Fuller traveled from a four-room tenement bordering Chicago's infamous Cabrini-Green Housing projects to speaking at conferences around the world and typically holding court wherever she went. As a teenager, she helped raise her siblings. As a Wall Street executive, she navigated the investment management world to generate attractive investment results for clients. And as the Chief Investment Officer of New York State Employees' Common Retirement Fund (CRF), she helped manage the third largest state pension fund in the United States. Fuller's 5'2" height understated her reputational stature, as audiences where she was featured anxiously awaited hearing her market outlook, innovative investment allocations and industry insights for effective state pension fund strategies.

Corey Thomas, CEO of the company Rapid7, must decide if it is the right time to take the 15-year old startup public, as it stood poised to capitalize on what appears to be the next frontier for digital technology markets - cybersecurity. In spite of positive industry trends, there are some nagging concerns that this might be a risky time in the public capital markets. The company had just completed an acquisition and he had additional concerns that the public markets may not tolerate the inevitable early losses involved with the new acquisition. Moreover, the company's principal financiers are venture capital investors and an IPO or sale will represent an investment exit for them and their goal is return maximization.

Private equity firm, Siris Capital Group must decide if they should raise their offer to take Titan Telecom private by acquiring its publicly-traded stock. Siris' decision to pay a premium for Titan must be made in the context of their unique (and somewhat complex) investment strategy that focuses on investment targets that have both mission-critical products or services that are approaching obsolescence but producing predictable cash flows, and also have new products or services on the horizon with strong growth potential. Further complicating the decision is the fact that Siris is in the midst of raising its second private equity fund and seeks to secure co-investment capital from many of the same investors they are pursuing as limited partners for their new fund.

An introduction to franchising through the work of Valerie Daniels-Carter, who owns restaurant franchises across the country. The case looks at the history of franchising, franchise options, and how to do a financial analysis of franchise opportunities.

The case highlights the role of minority chambers of commerce and the background of Eve Hall, a regarded multi-sector leader asked to revive Wisconsin's African-American chamber. This case study examines the lending options that a minority chamber of commerce considers when seeking to maximum value to their constituency. Students learn the challenges minority small business owners and entrepreneurs face, the role of non-financial institutions / community-based organizations in addressing those challenges and the financial tools available to lenders and borrowers in this segment. Students learn how to analyze financing opportunities by assessing the value proposition of chambers of commerce, developing the risk-reward profile of each party involved and deliberate as members of a board to reach a final lending decision.

This case follows an African-American entrepreneur through the process of sourcing a potential acquisition, valuing a company, and securing the funding to purchase the company. This entrepreneur must decide if he should close the deal and which financing term sheet to accept.

Carmichael Roberts, a rare African-American venture capitalist, considered leaving his general partnership in a private equity firm near Boston and setting up his own in 2015. He weighed whether the timing is right, with the economy still not fully recovered from the Great Recession of 2007-2009. Where to base such a firm was another factor in his decision-making. A member of the board of the National Venture Capital Association, Roberts knew the industry was gravitating to the San Francisco Bay area, to invest in the social media and software startups centered there. His specialty and passion was bringing to market new products made from advanced materials that help people solve problems in their daily lives. That investment focus on manufacturing would go against the private equity trend, another factor he considered. But he knew few, if any, general partners at major private equity firms were focused singularly on the kinds of businesses he wanted to invest in. Roberts also took into account the possible impact on his mutually respectful relations with his fellow partners. From a housing project in Brooklyn, New York, Roberts became a scientist who did advanced study at Duke and Harvard, capped off with an MBA from MIT. He had experience as a developer of technical products for Fortune 500 companies, an executive of cutting-edge startups, and a venture capitalist for eight years. This case study also reviews how private equity investment works, the private equity spectrum, the history of venture capital, stages of venture capital funds, and their location.

Otis Gates has built a successful affordable housing firm. Along the way, he and his partners have engaged in large amounts of community service in the neighborhoods wherein they own properties. Now 80 and ready to retire, Gates is creating a request for proposal for his firm. In doing so, he has to evaluate his firm's total value and decide whether their social-good mission is helping or harming their bottom line.