The authors argue that three forces are creating a profound shift in the very nature of work: technology, demographics and the power of pull-which has made customers in every industry more powerful than ever before. After discussing each force in detail, they describe how technology will reshape every job and how alternative work arrangements will continue to grow. They then describe the key implications of all of this for individuals (including 'engage in lifelong learning'), organizations (including 'implement new models of culture and rewards') and public policy (including 'transition support for income and healthcare'). Their hope is that their framework will help people proactively navigate the future of work and come together to make the transition as productive and smooth as possible.

The Power of Pull, written by John Hagel III, John Seely Brown, and Lang Davison, all of the Deloitte Center for the Edge, is a seven-chapter book published by Basic Books/Perseus Books Group. The subtitle is: How Smart Moves, Smartly Made, Can Set Big Things in Motion. Roughly the first half of the book discusses the concept of pull: the ability to harness the power of networks, drawing out people and resources as needed to address opportunities, and participating actively in a flow of knowledge rather than simply possessing knowledge. Pull helps access people and resources when required, attract people and resources that are relevant and valuable, and achieve personal potential more effectively by pulling from within the qualities of performance that success demands. The second part of the book explores how pull can be put into practice at the individual, institutional, and societal levels. Chapter 1 discusses what the authors call the "Big Shift" in organizational behavior from a "push" to a "pull" methodology. The ongoing catalysts for the Big Shift are the constant creation of new digital infrastructure; the easier flow of capital, talent, and knowledge; and the institutional innovations that the first two engender.

The Power of Pull, written by John Hagel III, John Seely Brown, and Lang Davison, all of the Deloitte Center for the Edge, is a seven-chapter book published by Basic Books/Perseus Books Group. The subtitle is: How Smart Moves, Smartly Made, Can Set Big Things in Motion. Roughly the first half of the book discusses the concept of pull: the ability to harness the power of networks, drawing out people and resources as needed to address opportunities, and participating actively in a flow of knowledge rather than simply possessing knowledge. Pull helps access people and resources when required, attract people and resources that are relevant and valuable, and achieve personal potential more effectively by pulling from within the qualities of performance that success demands. The second part of the book explores how pull can be put into practice at the individual, institutional, and societal levels. Chapter 2 discusses the first level of the concept of pull: access. Access involves the ability to find, learn about, and connect with resources on an as-needed basis to address unanticipated needs. In the past, access to resources was dependent upon "stocks" of knowledge - information known at a point in time. However, an ever-increasing amount of information makes these "stocks" more difficult to keep current and therefore less valuable. Access now requires a different approach utilizing "flows" of knowledge, or interactions that create knowledge or transfer it across individuals.

The Power of Pull, written by John Hagel III, John Seely Brown, and Lang Davison, all of the Deloitte Center for the Edge, is a seven-chapter book published by Basic Books/Perseus Books Group. The subtitle is: How Smart Moves, Smartly Made, Can Set Big Things in Motion. Roughly the first half of the book discusses the concept of pull: the ability to harness the power of networks, drawing out people and resources as needed to address opportunities, and participating actively in a flow of knowledge rather than simply possessing knowledge. Pull helps access people and resources when required, attract people and resources that are relevant and valuable, and achieve personal potential more effectively by pulling from within the qualities of performance that success demands. The second part of the book explores how pull can be put into practice at the individual, institutional, and societal levels. Chapter 3 discusses the second level of pull: attract. Due to the proliferation of information, accessing specific resources now depends more on serendipity than on searching. To increase the probability and quality of these chance encounters, access to not only digital social networks, but to the informational "edges" - areas of knowledge creation and economic growth where unmet needs and unexploited capabilities are found - of our interests is paramount.

The Power of Pull, written by John Hagel III, John Seely Brown, and Lang Davison, all of the Deloitte Center for the Edge, is a seven-chapter book published by Basic Books/Perseus Books Group. The subtitle is: How Smart Moves, Smartly Made, Can Set Big Things in Motion. Roughly the first half of the book discusses the concept of pull: the ability to harness the power of networks, drawing out people and resources as needed to address opportunities, and participating actively in a flow of knowledge rather than simply possessing knowledge. Pull helps access people and resources when required, attract people and resources that are relevant and valuable, and achieve personal potential more effectively by pulling from within the qualities of performance that success demands. The second part of the book explores how pull can be put into practice at the individual, institutional, and societal levels. Chapter 4 discusses the third and final level of pull: achieve. Achieving allows large numbers of participants to come together, through "creation spaces," to test and refine the practices required to exploiting their potential more efficiently. The authors challenge the concept of the "experience curve," offering their own "collaboration curve" that forms across institutions, yielding more diverse participants; this curve , unlike the experience curve, does not focus on learning, but is designed to drive more rapid performance improvement with learning as a byproduct.

The Power of Pull, written by John Hagel III, John Seely Brown, and Lang Davison, all of the Deloitte Center for the Edge, is a seven-chapter book published by Basic Books/Perseus Books Group. The subtitle is: How Smart Moves, Smartly Made, Can Set Big Things in Motion. Roughly the first half of the book discusses the concept of pull: the ability to harness the power of networks, drawing out people and resources as needed to address opportunities, and participating actively in a flow of knowledge rather than simply possessing knowledge. Pull helps access people and resources when required, attract people and resources that are relevant and valuable, and achieve personal potential more effectively by pulling from within the qualities of performance that success demands. The second part of the book explores how pull can be put into practice at the individual, institutional, and societal levels. Chapter 5 discusses how individuals can put the levels of pull into practice, as well as the elements of change (trajectory, leverage, and pace) needed to galvanize change within an institution. To fully utilize pull, individuals must do three things: make their passion their profession (trajectory), harness their ecosystems (leverage), and maximize their return on attention - the value they get for the time and effort invested in focusing on someone or something (pace).

The Power of Pull, written by John Hagel III, John Seely Brown, and Lang Davison, all of the Deloitte Center for the Edge, is a seven-chapter book published by Basic Books/Perseus Books Group. The subtitle is: How Smart Moves, Smartly Made, Can Set Big Things in Motion. Roughly the first half of the book discusses the concept of pull: the ability to harness the power of networks, drawing out people and resources as needed to address opportunities, and participating actively in a flow of knowledge rather than simply possessing knowledge. Pull helps access people and resources when required, attract people and resources that are relevant and valuable, and achieve personal potential more effectively by pulling from within the qualities of performance that success demands. The second part of the book explores how pull can be put into practice at the individual, institutional, and societal levels. Chapter 6 discusses how institutions can implement the power of pull. Institutions must redefine the trajectory for change, leverage passionate individuals from both inside and outside of the institution, and accelerate the pace of change by removing institutional barriers -- by embracing, for example, the power that social networking websites can have on the job.

The Power of Pull, written by John Hagel III, John Seely Brown, and Lang Davison, all of the Deloitte Center for the Edge, is a seven-chapter book published by Basic Books/Perseus Books Group. The subtitle is: How Smart Moves, Smartly Made, Can Set Big Things in Motion. Roughly the first half of the book discusses the concept of pull: the ability to harness the power of networks, drawing out people and resources as needed to address opportunities, and participating actively in a flow of knowledge rather than simply possessing knowledge. Pull helps access people and resources when required, attract people and resources that are relevant and valuable, and achieve personal potential more effectively by pulling from within the qualities of performance that success demands. The second part of the book explores how pull can be put into practice at the individual, institutional, and societal levels. In the seventh and final chapter, the authors discuss the implementation of pull in the broadest economic and social environments. The authors focus especially on the concept of "shaping strategies" - galvanizing statements about the future of a market, an industry, or a broad social arena, that say how tomorrow will be different from today and how everybody will be better off thereby - and on increasing the flow of participation by people and resources toward a common goal.

Traditional metrics don't capture many of the challenges and opportunities in store for U.S. companies and the national economy. The authors, from Deloitte, present a framework for understanding the forces that have transformed business over the past 40 years - and an index for gauging their impact on performance.

Redefining the terms of competition for a market sector, an industry, or an entire global ecosystem is a tall order. It means attracting thousands of participants, galvanizing their efforts, and retaining their commitment for the long haul. Hagel, Brown, and Davison, of the Deloitte Center for Edge Innovation, provide a blueprint for this daunting task of shaping strategy as technology-driven infrastructures constantly change. The authors discuss three elements that, no matter the industry, are vital in shaping strategy. A shaping view, or rallying cry to potential participants, clarifies the market opportunity, makes sense of fundamental forces, identifies rewards, and highlights the shared nature of risk. Bill Gates, of course, succeeded with his view of desktop computing, and more recently Salesforce.com's Marc Benioff has held out a new model for delivering enterprise software. A shaping platform, like that of Google's AdSense, clearly defines standards and practices that help organize and support the activities of many participants, enabling them to do more with less. Specific shaping acts and assets convince participants that the shaper has the muscle to pull off its initiatives, as Facebook has done by showcasing its relationship with Microsoft. The three elements together allow a shaper to quickly mobilize a critical mass of participants and, thereby, unleash powerful network effects that can yield big rewards during periods of rapid change. Almost any company will benefit from an attempt to shape strategy, say the authors, but they recognize that not every business is ultimately a shaper. By participating in other firms' shaping strategies, they show, a company can still find plenty of opportunities to create value.

Companies are becoming more dependent on business partners, but coordinating with outsiders takes its toll. Negotiating terms, monitoring performance, and, if needs are not being met, switching from one partner to another require time and money. Such transaction costs, Ronald Coase explained in his 1937 essay "The Nature of the Firm," drove many organizations to bring their activities in-house. But what if Coase placed too much emphasis on these costs? What if friction between companies can be productive? Indeed, as John Hagel and John Seely Brown point out, interactions between organizations can yield benefits beyond the goods or services contracted for. Companies get better at what they do--and improve faster than their competitors--by working with outsiders whose specialized capabilities complement their own. Different enterprises bring different perspectives and competencies. When these enterprises tackle a problem together, they dramatically increase the chances for innovative solutions. Of course, misunderstandings often arise when people with different backgrounds and skill sets try to collaborate. Opposing sides may focus on the distance that separates them rather than the common challenges they face. How can companies harness friction so that it builds capabilities? Start by articulating performance goals that everyone buys into. Then make sure people are using tangible prototypes to wrangle over. Finally, assemble teams with committed people who bring different perspectives to the table. As individual problems are being addressed, take care that the underpinnings of shared meaning and trust are also being woven between the companies. Neither can be dictated--but they can be cultivated. Without them, the performance fabric quickly unravels, and business partnerships disintegrate into rivalrous competition.

The traditional growth strategies of organic expansion and acquisition require up-front investments in additional assets, with an uncertain payoff. So the pursuit of growth almost always narrows margins, for a time or, in the worst case, forever. But another kind of strategy--leveraged growth--doesn't require companies to trade profitability for growth. That's because instead of owning assets, a company leverages the assets of other businesses operating at many levels of the value chain, capturing value for itself as a knowledge broker. The Hong Kong-based trading company Li & Fung, for instance, owns none of the facilities involved in processing raw material into the finished goods it supplies to European garment retailers and designers. It does, however, have privileged access to some 7,500 companies around the world that possess specialized production and distribution capabilities. Li & Fung uses its knowledge of the apparel market to leverage those companies' assets, using whichever companies are most suited to making whatever goods its customers demand. Orchestrating such a process network is one way to leverage other companies' assets. Another involves aggregating their resources, as Charles Schwab does when it makes the services of many related companies available through its web site or IBM does when it sponsors user groups. And Microsoft and Intel engage in possibly the subtlest of the leveraged growth strategies--shaping an economic web--by placing themselves at the center of a vast, ever-shifting group of companies that build on the Wintel computing platform. In a world of leveraged growth, the key question becomes: Which of your assets would give you the greatest power over other organizations? The company with the most powerful assets will have the greatest growth potential.

Companies have traditionally viewed their information systems as proprietary. They buy or lease their own hardware, write or license their own applications, and hire big staffs to keep everything running. This approach has many flaws--it's cumbersome and expensive and hinders collaboration. But there's been no alternative. Until now. Today, we're seeing the emergence of an entirely new approach to corporate information systems: web services. Rather than own and maintain all of their own hardware and software, companies will soon buy their information technologies as services provided over the Internet. The authors guide executives through this new IT strategy, explaining what the web services architecture is, how it differs from traditional IT architecture, and why it will provide significant cost savings to businesses while creating new opportunities for growth. They lay out a step-by-step approach for adopting the new architecture. The experiences of companies such as Merrill Lynch, General Motors, and Dell Computer, which are already transitioning to the new architecture, offer three guidelines. First, build on your existing systems, connecting them to the web services architecture to gain immediate benefits. Second, start at the edges of your company, focusing on those applications that connect your organization to customers or other companies. Third, work with your partners to develop a shared terminology for your shared applications, coming to agreement, for example, on the precise meanings of XML terms. As the new architecture matures, the distinction between users and suppliers of web services will fade. The location of particular capabilities and applications will become less important than executives' ability to discover and orchestrate these capabilities to deliver greater value to customers.

No matter how monolithic they may seem, most companies are really engaged in three kinds of businesses. One business attracts customers. Another develops products. The third oversees operations. Although organizationally intertwined, these businesses have conflicting characteristics. It takes a big investment to find and develop a relationship with a customer, so profitability hinges on achieving economies of scope. But speed, not scope, drives the economics of product innovation. And the high fixed costs of capital-intensive infrastructure businesses require economies of scale. Scope, speed, and scale can't be optimized simultaneously, so trade-offs have to be made when the three businesses are bundled into one corporation. Historically, they have been bundled because the interaction costs--the friction--incurred by separating them were too high. But we are on the verge of a worldwide reduction in interaction costs, the authors contend, as electronic networks drive down the costs of communicating and of exchanging data. Activities that companies have always believed were central to their businesses will suddenly be offered by new, specialized competitors that won't have to make trade-offs. Ultimately, the authors predict, traditional businesses will unbundle and then rebundle into large infrastructure and customer-relationship businesses and small, nimble product innovation companies. And executives in many industries will be forced to ask the most basic question about their companies: What business are we really in? Their answer will determine their fate in an increasingly frictionless economy.

Companies collect information about customers to target valuable prospects more effectively, tailor their offerings to individual needs, improve customer satisfaction, and identify opportunities for new products or services. But managers' efforts to capture such information may soon be thwarted. The authors believe that consumers are going to take ownership of information about themselves and start demanding value in exchange for it. As a result, negotiating with customers for information will become costly and complex. Consumers will be unlikely to bargain with vendors on their own, however. The authors anticipate that companies they call infomediaries will broker information to businesses on consumers' behalf. In essence, infomediaries will be the catalyst for people to start demanding value in exchange for information about themselves. And most other companies will need to rethink how they obtain information and what they do with it if they want to find new customers and serve them better.

The notion of community has been at the heart of the Internet since its early days, when scientists used it to share data, collaborate on research, and exchange messages. But how can businesses best use its community-building capabilities? Not merely by putting their products or services on-line, the authors contend. Real value will come from providing people with the ability to interact with one another--from satisfying their multiple social needs as well as their commercial needs. Companies that create strong on-line communities will command customer loyalty to a degree hitherto undreamed of and consequently, will generate strong economic returns. The authors present four different types of community: communities of transaction, interest, fantasy, and relationship.