In June 2024, Will Jackson, the founder and chief executive officer of Engineered Arts Limited (EA), faced a dilemma: How could his company balance commercial sustainability with ethical and regulatory compliance? EA was a UK-based designer and manufacturer of humanoid robots, most notably the Ameca robot, which had been installed in museums, science centres, and other public venues around the world where it greeted visitors and answered questions. Although EA was in a financially comfortable position, the company wanted to increase production of its humanoid robots, as this could help it achieve economies of scale. To date, EA had grown via the business-to-business model; should it now also embrace the business-to-consumer model? EA already had considerable ethical obligations to its customers and would face serious legal problems if its robots did not comply with regulations. And by producing robots that replaced employees, EA was taking jobs away from real people. Now EA also had to confront the privacy issues and potential data theft implicit in robot deployment. How would these ethical challenges affect EA’s business model and its own functioning as a profitable business?
The case discusses collaboration between a technology-based company and a fashion eyewear company. The need for collaboration arose after Google LLC (Google) launched smart eyewear that failed to attract the attention of fashion-conscious users due to poor aesthetics and ergonomics. Google then partnered with fashion eyewear company, Luxottica Group S.p.A. (EssilorLuxottica) to design smart eyewear named Google Glass Enterprise Edition 2. However, this product did not take off due to high pricing and technology issues. EssilorLuxottica then collaborated with Meta Platforms Inc. to produce fashion smart eyewear, Ray-Ban Stories. The case discusses the potential for success of this tie-up and the future in the segment.
A year had passed since implementing digitalization of the direct lending process at Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), and the committee gathered on January 2, 2023, to reflect on its success and identify any issues. During the meeting, the team discovered that some businesses faced issues with loan sanctioning due to the need for relaxation of certain policies. Because the system-driven processes were based on standard procedures, the committee faced a dilemma in how to handle these relaxations. Although the system was automated, there were still certain areas that required manual interventions. As a result, the team deliberated whether SIDBI should move toward hyperautomation.
Radius Synergies International Pvt. Ltd. (RSIPL), which came into existence in 2010, was a pioneer in implementing prepaid smart metering solutions in Delhi, National Capital Region (NCR), India. RSIPL was created as an independent entity to focus on harnessing contemporary technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, cloud computing, and mobility and leveraging them for the energy market that its parent, Radius Group (Radius), had been serving through conventional products and solutions for more than two decades. Though the company faced many challenges with respect to the use and acceptance of the new technology, it had still been successful in implementing the solutions and had been able to achieve consistent growth in its annual revenues. On March 21, 2022, Mr. H. S. Singh, RSIPL’s managing director, had a meeting with his executive management team to discuss the strategy for expanding RSIPL’s smart metering solutions and leveraging the IoT platform developed for additional potential business opportunities. Should the company try to obtain external funding? Should it focus on increasing market reach for existing products and solutions or venture into new products or services that could be spin-offs of the IoT platform and expertise developed so far?
In 2014, the food and grocery industry in India experienced a surge in the online grocery market. Before that time, existing e-business players had largely avoided the online grocery market because of its complex logistics requirements and issues related to last-mile delivery, or reaching customers in remote areas. The rise of online grocery businesses raised concerns for brick-and-mortar stores, especially local kirana stores (corner stores), about becoming redundant in the future. With limited or no technology adoption, these kirana stores had no way of going online. Grofers came to the rescue of these local stores with a mobile commerce (m-commerce) model for groceries that promised on-demand delivery within 90 minutes. However, with very low margins in the grocery business compared to lifestyle products, in addition to last-mile delivery and returns complexities, it remained to be seen whether Grofers would be able to carve out a niche in the grocery industry with its innovative model. Considering the low entry barriers and the easily replicable business model, how viable and sustainable was an m-commerce business like Grofers?
In April 2015, Bharti Airtel — India’s largest telecom provider and a leading global telecommunications company — launched Airtel Zero, an open marketing platform that would allow Airtel customers to access mobile applications with zero data charges. Application developers would pay Airtel to join the platform, but would in turn attract more users to their products. Immediately after its launch, Airtel Zero was subjected to severe criticism on the grounds that it violated the net neutrality principle, which advocated that content should be available to customers without any form of prioritization. Subsequently, in support of net neutrality, Flipkart — a prominent Indian e-commerce company — pulled out of the platform. Was Airtel Zero a potential threat to net neutrality? With the pending decision of the government of India on the regulatory framework for over-the-top (OTT) applications and services, would Airtel Zero stand out as a viable platform?
By the summer of 2015, Flipkart Online Services Pvt. Ltd. of Bangalore, India, had become a significant player in the Indian e-commerce industry. The company started its online operations with an inventory model, focusing on books, but expanded to a marketplace model with music, movies and mobile phones. Its fashion retail portal Myntra, acquired in 2014, closed its website operations on May 1, 2015, and moved to an app-only platform to take advantage of the increasing use of smartphones by the Indian population for Internet searches and purchases. Although it experienced some initial losses, the parent company announced in July that it would also be moving to an app-only platform in September, becoming the first e-commerce company in the world to adopt this strategy on such a scale. Will this innovative move lead to further success and become a game changer for the industry or is it a step taken too soon into a future trend?
Neelkanth Drugs Pvt. Ltd. (NDPL), one of the leading pharmaceutical distributors in Delhi, was making plans for further expansion, and the dynamic nature of the business was leading this small- and medium-sized enterprise towards implementing an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. The company’s head of information technology had prepared a complete report on the various ERP solutions available for NDPL and presented it to the chief executive officer (CEO). According to this analysis, cloud-based ERP was the best solution out of the various options available. The CEO was indecisive because of NDPL’s past cloud experience, which had been disruptive and unsatisfactory, to say the least. The CEO pondered whether it would make sense to go for a cloud-based ERP solution, or whether it would make more sense to look for an alternative that may not be as cost-effective but that would entail less risk.